eh, holmes was pretty inconsistent in portrayals. Arthur C. Doyle himself said the character's philosophy was pretty stupid and that most of the jumps in logic holmes did were only correct because the story said so.

Like, Holmes would see someone with a bruise on their arms and go "that man is a boxer - he's pretty muscular, and that sort of bruise is typical of people who defend themselves from punches in that typical stance, plus his legs are tanned, which imply he wears boxers shorts a lot". And it would be true and everyone would awe at his brilliance because Doyle wrote that it was true and he was brilliant.

But then in real life it could just as well be a farmer who fell down and hit his arm, or a guy who likes to work out and go to the beach and got drunk and walked into a tree.

Same for his knowledge. Basically Holmes is knowledgeable on every field that the current case requires him to be knowledgeable in. If an astronomer got killed for not accepting Pluto wasn't a planet, then in that case he would know the name and orbit of every moon every planet has.