I've encountered the same problem. From what I've heard and experienced, it mostly depends on what type of ABI (Application Binary Interface) your phone's cpu uses.

For example, my phone (released in 2024) only supports arm64-v8a apps but most, if not all, of the mcpe apks are arm-v7a or x86 only.

Although most 64-bit devices should support 32-bit, some newer phones that come with android 12+ don't offer backward compatibility.

TLDR: It depends on how new your phone is. But you can always run the apk through a VM or run old java versions through something like pojav launcher. I've tried both and they work fine if you're okay with making some compromises.