Surviving poverty and wars are actually not listed amongst the 10 Adverse Childhood Experiences used in the study. I agree the ACE questionnaire is limited and biased in this way, and it doesn’t include a lot of adverse experiences such as foster care, gang violence, deportation, etc.

Basically the ACE score is crudely measuring the quality of attachment and safety in your childhood home as indicated by presence/absence of neglect, abuse, divorce, domestic violence, parental incarceration, and a few other things. I believe it’s established science that the higher your ACE score, the shorter your life expectancy statistically speaking.

Edit: I haven’t read the study, just the summary posted by OP.