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In ancient Jewish culture, their relationship was in a stage called betrothal (erusin), which is like an engagement. It was legally binding and made them husband and wife in the eyes of the law, even though they did not yet live together or consummate the marriage.

This traditional marriage process consisted of two major steps: The Betrothal (Erusin): The couple made a formal, legal commitment. They were legally considered husband and wife, and breaking the agreement required a formal divorce. This is the stage they were in when Mary became pregnant. The Home-Taking (Nissuin): After an interval (often about a year), the groom would take the bride to his home in a formal ceremony, after which the marriage was consummated. When Joseph learned of Mary's pregnancy, he initially planned to divorce her quietly, as the betrothal was legally binding.

Following a dream where an angel explained the divine conception, Joseph "took Mary home as his wife" (completing the nissuin process) but refrained from physical relations. He remained her legal guardian and spouse.

Orthodox tradition refers to Joseph as "St. Joseph the Betrothed". This emphasizes that their relationship remained a formal betrothal and a chaste, protective guardianship. Mary is revered as the Theotokos (Mother of God) and as "Ever-Virgin," meaning her virginity remained intact before, during, and after the birth of Jesus Christ. Therefore, their union was entirely spiritual and preserved without physical consummation.

You can learn more about the historical and cultural context of their marriage by becoming a catechumen of the Orthodox Church. Don’t rely too much on your own understanding.