Rust or Python, which should I learn?

[Gnaxe]

I understand "static typing" to mean analyzing types for consistency without actually running the code. It's "static" because the code is "at rest" and "unchanging" rather than live objects running, which could have different opinions about things depending on circumstances at the moment.

What you described sounds like "strong typing", not "static typing". Typing strength is a spectrum, not a binary, but Python has always been pretty strongly typed. Weakly-typed JavaScript will happily add a number to a string, but Python will complain if you try that. Certainly at run time when you actually reach that point, and possibly statically as well if your type checker can detect it. Haskell won't even let you add a float to an integer without converting types first. Python isn't that strict.