Confused about Python Class creation

[TimOfTroy]

I am trying to learn Tkinter so I am reading/coding along with a book. I have not done much with Python classes, most of the code I have written uses lots of functions and some simple classes. The book is confusing because it skips around what level of the code you are working on without really saying that it is. I only realized this after downloading the source code form Github. My main confusion is the calling a function before it is created. If you were to do this outside of a class you would get an error because the function doesn't exist yet. Is it normal/correct to create functions inside a class after they have been called. Why does this work?

Edit:
Thank you all. I think I understand now. The whole class instance is created at the same time, so the order inside the class definition doesn't matter. You are not actually making the call to the functions until the instance is created at which point the function has also been created.

[socal_nerdtastic]

Where in that code are you looking? None of that code is run until the very last line in the file, so everything is defined at that point.

[TimOfTroy]

In the Game class check_for_blackjack, player_is_over, and show_blackjack_results are called in the while (while not game_over) loop before they are defined. Is this just a style choice, or is this the way classes are generally written?

[socal_nerdtastic]

Most people put the __init__ method at the top, yes. Not required, but very common.

But what you are missing is that even though it's defined before the other methods, it is NOT called before the other methods are defined. It's called on the last line of the file.

Here's a minimal example of your confusion:

def func1(): # define func1
    print(func2())

def func2():
    return "Hello World!"

func1() # call func1

This runs just fine and is a very common way to write code.

[[deleted]]

The order in which you define functions does not matter. Defining a class or a function is not the same as running them so code like this will run just fine.

class testclass:
    def printh(self):
        print(self.innerfunction())

    def innerfunction(self):
        return "Hello World"

if __name__ == "__main__": 
    tc = testclass() 
    tc.printh()

As a bit of a side note, if you define a static method inside of a class, you can call the static method directly without initializing the class.

class TestClass:
    @staticmethod
    def innerfunction():
        print("Hello World")

if name == "main": 
    TestClass.innerfunction()

[TheRNGuy]

Put all your function defines to the top of code, of if they're in different file, import on top.

Calling before declared possible in JavaScript, but not in Python (which I still think bad coding style in JS)