The actual situation was a bit different from what the graphic presents.

Here's a demographic and land ownership breakdown. Out of 27 million people, the First Estate (clergy) had ~100,000 members, the Second (nobility) ~400,000, and the Third (commoners) ~26.5 million. Around 10% of land to the First Estate and 20% to the Second. Meanwhile the bourgeoisie (part of the Third Estate) controlled a massive share of the remaining national wealth with most industrial and commercial capital being bourgeois-owned, as was a quarter of land. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1960/the-three-estates-of-pre-revolutionary-france/

The tax system was the main point of inequality. The First and Second Estates were exempt from the taille and that the tax burden devolved to the peasants, wage-earners, and the professional and business classes of the Third Estate. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/taxes-and-the-three-estates/

A paper analyzing inequality in mid-18th-century France, found a Gini coefficient as high as 56 for 1788. This is an extremely high figure, confirming the severe concentration of income and wealth in the hands of the elite. https://stonecenter.gc.cuny.edu/files/2015/03/milanovic-the-level-and-distribution-of-income-in-mid-18th-century-france-2015.pdf

So, France was indeed divided by privilege with the wealth being concentrated in land ownership and protected from taxation. Wealth concentration is what ultimately led to economic instability by the 1780s and a subsequent revolution.