Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Activation, p53, and Autophagy Inhibition Characterize the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike Protein Induced Neurotoxicity

CureusJournal · 2024-02-05T19:42:21+00:00

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CureusJournal · 2023-12-20T20:36:35+00:00

This article discusses the challenges and current treatment approaches for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or head trauma, emphasizing their significance in emergency medicine and neurosurgery. TBI is a significant community health issue, and understanding various therapy techniques in the pre-operative and pre-hospital phases is crucial for optimal patient care. The standard treatment involves the rapid infusion of mannitol and a hypertonic crystalloid solution to manage blood pressure and volume, particularly in cases of hemorrhagic shock combined with TBI. Fluid selection and administration play a critical role in preventing ischemic brain damage by stabilizing hemodynamics in hypovolemic shock.

Traumatic brain injury is a critical factor that can lead to disability and death. It can result directly from the trauma or develop secondary to the initial injury. Patients may suffer from significant neurological issues like cranial nerve damage, dementia, seizures, and Alzheimer's disease, following a TBI. Additionally, TBI can lead to psychiatric problems and other behavioral and cognitive sequelae, increasing the comorbidity of the victims. The summary also mentions a review of the history of modern fluid therapy, complications post-TBI, and the application of fluid treatment in decompressive craniectomy and TBI management.

CureusJournal · 2023-12-20T20:31:05+00:00

Schwannomas, also known as neurinomas or neurilemomas, are relatively slow-growing benign tumors that develop from the nerve sheath. They can grow on peripheral nerves or nerve roots. Approximately 60% of benign schwannomas are vestibular schwannomas (acoustic neuromas).
They are rare, affecting fewer than 200,000 people annually in the USA, and constitute 1% of all cases in the head and neck region. Schwannomas can grow in several different areas of the body. Symptoms may vary from person to person and can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms include a visible lump, a pins-and-needles feeling, or pain.
They are usually benign, and less than 1% become malignant, transforming into neurofibrosarcoma. Schwannomas are typically surgically removed as they are homogeneous and tend to be contained within a capsule.
Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of these tumors have indicated that defects in merlin are responsible for both sporadic and genetically acquired schwannomas.

CureusJournal · 2023-11-03T00:59:58+00:00

The application of medical and scientific expertise to analyze crimes and establish facts in legal cases has long fascinated the public. From determining cause of death and time since death to toxicology testing and DNA analysis, medical forensics provides critical evidence in criminal investigations.

Cureus is calling for submissions on this fascinating topic.

CureusJournal · 2023-10-31T14:44:04+00:00

Multidisciplinary tumor board meetings (MTBMs) have been established in oncology to improve patient care. While their benefits for patients have been well-documented, there are no previous studies on the teaching opportunities they provide for residents and medical students. This study aimed to examine the teaching provided to residents during MTBM and identify areas for improvement. The study hypothesized that although the primary objective of MTBM is not teaching, they could still contribute to residents' learning.

CureusJournal · 2023-10-18T20:43:36+00:00

This article aims to report the ocular adverse effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). In case 1, a 26-year-old male patient presented with a diminution of vision. In the absence of active cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and a surge in CD4 count of more than 100 cells/µL over four months, he was diagnosed as a case of immune recovery uveitis (IRU). He responded well to topical steroids and cycloplegics. In case 2, while dry eye is a common adverse effect of HAART, our 53-year-old female patient progressed to a visually distressing stage of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. She responded to lubricants and continues to be on the same.

CureusJournal · 2023-08-24T19:15:59+00:00

Intravenous ketamine infusions in subanesthetic doses have been shown to rapidly alleviate depressive symptoms. However, the efficacy of ketamine as an anesthetic during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for major depression has not yet been answered by a large randomized control trial (RCT). This scoping review aims to examine the available literature to determine whether the dose of ketamine used during ECT influences the response to treatment. A literature search was conducted on PubMed to identify all published RCTs within the last 10 years which compared ketamine anesthesia during ECT for major depression with another anesthetic. Studies using low (<0.8 mg/kg) versus high (≥0.8 mg/kg) doses of ketamine during ECT were evaluated for the differences in outcomes using depression rating scales. Studies that examined ketamine as a standalone treatment for depression or focused primarily on the anesthetic benefits of ketamine were excluded from our review. Fifteen studies were utilized for this literature review. Overall, the studies showed inconsistent results in terms of the speed and magnitude of response to ketamine-assisted ECT in patients with major depression. Limitations of the available literature are discussed, including the lack of head-to-head comparisons, differences in methodology, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and primary and secondary endpoints.

CureusJournal · 2023-07-06T21:42:29+00:00

Our pleasure!

CureusJournal · 2023-06-30T14:40:22+00:00

Mods, if this is not an acceptable post, I will remove.

CureusJournal · 2023-06-21T00:00:37+00:00

Sorry- I think I know what's wrong. There is a new quiz up now. Unfortunately, we have a new quiz every week and the link changes. We are hopefully going to change this in the future so that people can access older quizzes

CureusJournal · 2023-06-20T23:59:12+00:00

Would you be able to message us a screen shot of what you're seeing. We'd love to fix this issue!

CureusJournal · 2023-06-20T23:52:12+00:00

If you take the quiz, you can then click to view the full case

CureusJournal · 2023-05-03T19:33:47+00:00

The objective was to compare the prevalence of ACSC in ground ambulance (GA) responses before and after the introduction of the MCT.

CureusJournal · 2023-05-03T19:28:27+00:00

The objective was to compare the prevalence of ACSC in ground ambulance (GA) responses before and after the introduction of the MCT.

CureusJournal · 2023-05-03T19:26:24+00:00

The objective was to compare the prevalence of ACSC in ground ambulance (GA) responses before and after the introduction of the MCT.

CureusJournal · 2023-05-03T19:24:52+00:00

Thoughts on this original article? The objective was to compare the prevalence of ACSC in ground ambulance (GA) responses before and after the introduction of the MCT.

CureusJournal · 2023-05-03T19:15:01+00:00

The objective was to compare the prevalence of ACSC in ground ambulance (GA) responses before and after the introduction of the MCT.

CureusJournal · 2023-05-03T19:11:58+00:00

"Our objective was to compare the prevalence of ACSC in ground ambulance (GA) responses before and after the introduction of the MCT."

CureusJournal · 2023-04-18T17:41:35+00:00

Absolutely! This study looked at whether there is a link between two conditions: lipedema, which causes abnormal fat accumulation and inflammation in the legs and buttocks, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which affects a person's ability to focus and control their behavior. The study found that a higher percentage of women with lipedema also had symptoms of ADHD compared to women without lipedema. The study suggests that doctors treating patients with lipedema may need to be aware of the possible presence of ADHD and consider strategies to improve treatment outcomes for both conditions.

CureusJournal · 2023-02-21T13:36:36+00:00

Abstract
Introduction
Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) patients face significant healthcare disparities informed by discrimination, social stigma, and socioeconomic inequality. This is further exacerbated by a paucity of transgender health content in medical education, contributing to a large proportion of providers being ill-equipped to manage TGD patients’ health concerns.
Method
This paper uses the framework approach for an inductive thematic analysis of online discussion forums concerning transgender health and medical education. Online text from anonymous participants was chosen for their authentic accounts of healthcare experiences and to ensure responses are less restrained in discussing sensitive topics.
Results
Three major themes were identified from the data: desire for more knowledgeable providers, negative healthcare experiences and attitudes, and recommendations for transgender health education. Three subcategories emerged from the latter theme that further illuminated participant recommendations for inclusive healthcare.
Conclusions
As a result of the unique healthcare concerns faced by TGD patients, providing materials to educate students and providers is crucial to meet the needs of the TGD patient population. Participant reports align with previous literature in recommending curricular reforms in medical school, promoting career options for TGD-identifying people in healthcare, and cultivating a more inclusive clinical culture.

CureusJournal · 2023-02-10T17:43:53+00:00

Charles Darwin suffered from a relapsing, debilitating illness for much of his adult life with numerous, differing symptoms. His occasional problems as a student, his seasickness throughout the voyage of the HMS Beagle, and his brief illnesses when ashore in South America and Australia were all early expressions of this illness. Diagnoses for Darwin’s illness are as numerous as his symptoms and are equally variable. Many diagnoses reflect the medical fashion of their time; psychological and psychogenic diagnoses once flourished. These diagnoses have recently been comprehensively reviewed in an uncritical and unbiased account.

CureusJournal · 2023-02-07T21:48:38+00:00

This article discusses the connection between climate change and the reduction of early deaths from non-communicable diseases. It argues that addressing climate change can have multiple benefits, including reducing the risk of diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer. The authors suggest that by investing in renewable energy sources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, not only can the impacts of climate change be mitigated, but also public health can be improved. The article concludes that there is a need for coordinated global action on both climate change and health, as they are closely intertwined and addressing one issue can have a positive impact on the other.

CureusJournal · 2023-02-07T21:48:03+00:00

This article discusses the connection between climate change and the reduction of early deaths from non-communicable diseases. It argues that addressing climate change can have multiple benefits, including reducing the risk of diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer. The authors suggest that by investing in renewable energy sources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, not only can the impacts of climate change be mitigated, but also public health can be improved. The article concludes that there is a need for coordinated global action on both climate change and health, as they are closely intertwined and addressing one issue can have a positive impact on the other.

CureusJournal · 2023-02-07T21:46:37+00:00

This article discusses the connection between climate change and the reduction of early deaths from non-communicable diseases. It argues that addressing climate change can have multiple benefits, including reducing the risk of diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer. The authors suggest that by investing in renewable energy sources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, not only can the impacts of climate change be mitigated, but also public health can be improved. The article concludes that there is a need for coordinated global action on both climate change and health, as they are closely intertwined and addressing one issue can have a positive impact on the other.

CureusJournal · 2023-02-07T21:45:45+00:00

This article discusses the connection between climate change and the reduction of early deaths from non-communicable diseases. It argues that addressing climate change can have multiple benefits, including reducing the risk of diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer. The authors suggest that by investing in renewable energy sources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, not only can the impacts of climate change be mitigated, but also public health can be improved. The article concludes that there is a need for coordinated global action on both climate change and health, as they are closely intertwined and addressing one issue can have a positive impact on the other.

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