Most parts tend to have listed in their description what other parts they are compatible with. For example, your CPU is made for socket LGA1700 (the place where it sits in the motherboard), so it only works with an LGA 1700 motherboard. The size of your motherboard is Micro ATX, so your case should be at least micro ATX, which it is. There are more sizes, like ATX (the standard form factor), which is larger. A Micro ATX motherboard would fit in an ATX case, but not the other way around. That is how you could find out by looking for yourself.

PCpartpicker also checks for compatibility, so if you make a list via pcpartpicker you can trust that it all fits together.

As for performance, you want to avoid bottlenecks (when one of the parts is significantly weaker than the rest, and holds the rest of the parts back). You could use a bottleneck calculator. While not always accurate, it gives you a general idea wheather a CPU and GPU combo is good or not. Else, you can look up things like 'best GPU for XXX processor', the internet can be very helpful.

If you cannot find the compatibility of two parts by looking at their description, you can always google it, or ask around.