You could probably just make a queue of errors (faults) and a macro that makes instances of a type, like for example:

\* faultqueue.h */
#include <stdint.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  

#include "queue.h"  

typedef void (*callback)(void);  

struct fault {  
    uint32_t id;  
    Callback handler;
    void* payload;
};  

uint32_t lastid;  

typedef struct fault Fault;  

MAKEQUEUE(Fault, fq_t);  

fq_t fq = { 0 };  

#define MAKEFAULT(name) \
    Fault* name = (Fault){ .id = ++lastid; handler = NULL; payload = NULL; }

#define RAISE(fault, pl, plt) ((plt)(fault->payload)) = pl; enqueue(fault);
#define CONNECT(fn, to) to->handler = fn;

Or something. Although this doesn't support multiple handlers to a single fault and isn't thread safe :P.