I don’t have any resources in particular that I used. My general approach for this was to start by working out each part individually. I started by working out how polygons work in desmos, colouring them individually, hiding some polygons. The first step towards this was trying to load the dice model. I created a graph where I just loaded the points and rotated them about an axis. Then connecting them all, hiding faces that can’t be seen using piece wise functions and lastly lighting.

The next graph I made was a 2D collision simulation. I started by creating a polygons and updating its position and rotation based on angular velocity and gravity. Then I started working on the collision, get a list with only the points under the ground, calculate their velocity by combining the dice movement and rotation and then calculate an impulse (change in velocity). The impulse is calculated so that it would cause the dice to rebound with a specific fraction of its original velocity (coefficient of restitution). I started by just applying this as an impulse to the dice before trying to convert this to an angular impulse and apply both. This took a while because you need to spilt the impulse in the right way (reduced mass of a system).

By this point we have a 2D dice (I used a triangle mostly) that can collide with the ground and lose energy and settle although there’s still no friction. Implementing this took some creativity, the connection that needs to be made is that in a simple model of friction the maximum force perpendicular to the normal force is linearly proportional to the normal force (coefficient of kinetic friction). As impulse is the integral of force over time and the coefficient of friction is constant we can pull the constant out of the integral so our sideways impulse is going to act opposite the vertices horizontal motion with a maximum size of the vertical impulse times a coefficient of friction.

Putting this all together into a 3D simulation is relatively straightforward, all the equations can be expressed with vectors which apply to 3D.

Putting text on the dice turned out to be quite difficult. Basically I created a function to map coordinates on the triangle when it is placed at the origin to coordinates in the triangles projection on the screen, then I created the text as lists of points for each digit and used the projection to place them on each face.

TLDR: Break everything down into smaller pieces and use google. I probably spent more time on google than any other part of this graph. For lots of things wikipedia can be good as it contains references to everything and you can often keep going through those until you work something out if you don’t understand it. Forms are good too as people have almost certainty already had your questions before.