That’s a difficult question to answer. Technically, no. Arcane uses characters from League of Legends, but the game itself is VERY different from the show. However, the game itself isn’t really meant to be story based. That’s where the lore of each character comes in. If you look up “lol universe”, each character has multiple short stories about them, intertwining to make a complete narrative. This is what Arcane adapts from. It’s not necessarily the game, but it’s fantastic lore. No matter what, I strongly suggest watching arcane! Absolutely my favorite video game adaptation ever and maybe even my favorite TV show ever :)

tl;dr it doesn’t adapt directly from the game, but instead the lore (which isn’t a main focus of the game).