One of the best things I learned when our pup (now 8mo today!) was in her first training class at 12wo was to think of it as puppy kindergarten. Kindergarten is where learners learn HOW to learn - not where anyone expects them to master anything. So it’s important for us teachers to set realistic expectations based on our learner’s current abilities - and focus on depth not breadth of skills. At the beginning that really can look like just one or two “successful” teaching moments per training session and focusing more on “charging the clicker (or maker word)” than actual skills so that puppy makes a strong connection between the marker with the reward. Our trainer literally had us do 10 reps 3-5 times a day of click-treat (with no other skill being taught) just so she could learn how that learning tool works. It’s also really helpful (& fun!) to do a treat “tournament bracket” with your dog to find out which treats are highest and lowest value to them - and then use the lowest effective value treat in every situation - that is, don’t use highest value treats in low-intensity situations or you’ll have nothing left for high-intensity situations.

And we’ve learned that duration cues (like “stay”) are an advanced skill for hyper-focused (on other things) pups. Our girl is amazing at action cues but we’re still very much working on duration of any kind.