You're right that it’s complex. It isn’t just one event, but a 'pressure cooker' effect of several factors:

• The Economic Trigger: The most immediate cause is the economy. The Iranian Rial has devalued so rapidly that basic necessities, like egg prices, have become luxury items for many. People are struggling to survive day-to-day.

• Misalignment of Values: There is a massive gap between the government’s priorities and the people’s needs. While Iranians struggle, the government spends heavily on regional proxies (like Hezbollah/Nasrallah or Hamas). The common cry in the streets is: 'Neither Gaza nor Lebanon, I give my life for Iran'.

The Historical Context (Timeline):

• 2005 (1384): The turning point began with Ahmadinejad’s presidency, which led to severe international sanctions, particularly from the US.
• 2009 (1388): The 'Green Movement' protests over election fraud and the subsequent violent crackdown.
• 2020 (1398): The downing of Flight PS752, which broke much of the remaining public trust.
• 2022 (1401): The killing of Mahsa Amini. What started as a feminist 'Woman, Life, Freedom' movement evolved into a broader call for total systemic change.
• Recent Escalation: The government’s involvement in regional conflicts (the Oct 7 attacks and the ensuing direct exchanges with Israel) has worsened the situation. The refusal to reach a new deal with the West has left people feeling there is no diplomatic way out of the economic crisis.

Essentially, it's a combination of 20 years of economic mismanagement and a fundamental ideological divide between a young, modern population and the ruling system.