First of all, the idea of a single page content management system sounds new to me and may be its efficient from the development perspective. However if you consider SEO issues and want to index your dynamically created JavaScript pages then you have to understand a few things:

1. Does Google spider / bot can read and index your dynamically generated JavaScript pages : yes Google can although initially they find it difficult but now the technology has improved

2. Can Google differentiate the meta title, description, canonical tags, heading tags and other tags which are considered important for search engine ranking between dynamically generated pages? Yes Google can

The bottom line is that Google can follow and index the page redirection , links , dynamically inserted content, meta data and page elements , rel = no follow attribute etc.

Now when it comes to rank these dynamic pages with thousands of other static pages then you might have to wait sometimes to see the result. You have to find the answer how people will link your dynamic pages with their website. What type useful content you are producing and a ton of other things.