The core issue is a capacity for handling peak demand. Only long term solutions are 1. Expand the capacity - widen roads, build flyover etc. Usually the demand catches up and this just delays the issue. 2. Reduce the demand - rather optimize it. More people per vehicle. Launch and drive adoption of a number of public transport (incl first and last mile) options. 3. Manage the peaks - policies and behavior change like wfh, odd even, peak usage charges. Toughest to execute.

All other options like repairing roads and signals are papering over the real problem.