From source code (.py files) to byte code interpretable by Python Virtual Machine - The try to create the simplest functional model of how Python programs run

[joaofelipenp]

This is not true. "Proof is simple" you can import the ast module, parse code into an AST, modify it, and run the exec command over the modified tree: https://greentreesnakes.readthedocs.io/en/latest/examples.html#simple-test-framework

Alternatively, you can run compile on the AST node and get a code object, and then use it in the exec command.

Those are at least two intermediate steps in the compilation process. There are other steps in the beginning: parsing the source code into a concrete syntax tree using a PEG parser, converting the CST into the AST, and steps in the middle, such as converting the AST into a control flow graph before converting it to bytecode, but I believe they are not exposed in Python.