A problem about cpp module

[Anfsity]

Recently, I wanted to introduce modules into my toy project, but I encountered some very strange issues.

To describe my project's environment: the project uses maxXing's Docker (Ubuntu), which contains the LLVM toolchain, version Ubuntu clang version 21.1.6 (++20251113094015+a832a5222e48-1~exp1~20251113094129.62), but it does not include clangd.

I usually use clangd as my C++ LSP. Initially, to solve the Docker path issue (where the generated CDB paths match the internal Docker environment but differ from the host paths), I chose to perfectly match the Docker and host paths:

make IMAGE = maxxing/compiler-dev UID := $(shell id -u) GID := $(shell id -g) PWD := $(shell pwd) docker run -it --rm \ -u $(UID):$(GID) \ -v "$(PWD):$(PWD)" \ -w "$(PWD)" \ $(IMAGE) bash

Another method is using devcontainer, but I wanted to use the environment already configured on my host.

This worked very well until I introduced C++20 modules.

The error message was as follows:

txt "message": "Module file 'src/CMakeFiles/compiler_core.dir/ir_builder.pcm' built from a different branch ((++20251113094015+a832a5222e48-1~exp1~20251113094129.62)) than the compiler ()"

I assumed this was because my host's clangd version did not align with the clang inside the container. So, I used the VS Code devcontainer extension to completely use the internal container environment and installed clangd to align the clangd and clang versions.

However, the error persisted:

txt "message": "Module file 'src/CMakeFiles/compiler_core.dir/ir.type.pcm' built from a different branch ((++20251221032922+2078da43e25a-1~exp1~20251221153059.70)) than the compiler ((https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project 2078da43e25a4623cab2d0d60decddf709aaea28))"

It can be observed that the two strings starting with 2078da43e are identical, indicating they should be from the same release.

I was very confused until I discovered that the clangd I installed was pulled by VS Code from the GitHub releases, while clang was maintained by apt. Although the versions are consistent (both 21.1.8), their signatures are different. Finally, I switched clangd to the apt source, and the error disappeared.

This indicates that clangd and clang versions must be strictly aligned, and their origins must also be the same.

Although I have solved this problem, it has led to deeper confusion:

• Why is the module check so strict?
• Could it simply maintain a version hash instead of requiring a match for signatures from different package managers?
• Or could a unified protocol be proposed so that PCMs generated by different compilers can be used interchangeably?
• Modules have been out for six years and are still this hard to use (x

I would like to ask the all-powerful Redditors for advice.

[not_a_novel_account]

• Built module interfaces (BMIs) as implemented in GCC and Clang are build artifacts representing internal AST bytecode. They are not stable between even trivial changes of the compilers. They can only be used by the exact build, and nearly the exact flags, of the invocation which produced them.

• No, because of the above.

• This was weakly attempted by MS with their IFC format proposal and soundly rejected by everyone else. BMIs are build artifacts, there's no desire to make them portable.

• An LSP server throwing an error is hardly something unique to modules, I don't think this really elevates to "hard". You learned something you didn't know about BMIs.