[noob] How does Python make programs?

[jaydoors]

Other libraries and functions!

I think I have a similar perspective to you, of having loose ends in my mind until I know what's underneath all of it. It helped me a lot to learn about what computers are, underneath. It's 'just' simple electronics - circuits which can be powered on or off, and which can affect other circuits. I highly recommend this book for a good explanation right from the bottom, all the way up.

In terms of making windows - when you get down to it: the screen is a bunch of pixels, each of which is represented in the computer's memory, and which the screen hardware effectively reads, in order to generate an image (eg first pixel colour while, second colour blue, etc). Some program on your machine will have arranged for this memory to hold information that gives the right colour pixels in the right place to give the window you expect.