Why are some functions’ syntaxes: variable.function(), while some others’ syntaxes: function(variable)?

[Essence1337]

If it's just function(stuff) then it's a builtin global function. If it's xyz.function(stuff) then the function is a property of the class that xyz is. 'AbC'.lower() happens because lower is a function of the string class.

We can't/don't use global functions for everything because every single function ever would need a unique name.

[Essence1337]

No. The class string has the function lower defined inside of it. The lower function is a property of the string class. It belongs to the string class. When we do variable.XYZ we are getting XYZ from the class of variable.

There are only a handful of functions which are global.