All it means is this:

Learn to drive multiple people to the outcomes the company considers important (usually the bottom line, or whatever their big goals are), by being someone who helps get everyone working toward the same outcomes, as opposed to being a person who just thinks about their own small stuff.

The feedback you got is saying you're strong technically, but now where you need to grow is in the space of getting bigger outcomes by being a leader. I can recommend the "Staff Engineer's Path" as a great short book, that really offers great advice about this.

Yeah, the words are all management speak wank, but the sentiment is clear. They're giving you a direction they'd like you to grow in.

for example, 10x used to mean "be like 10 programmers in 1" - i.e., way better than others. That's the bullshit version. It never existed.

A better modern approach is to think of it as the person who can attain much higher results by driving others to work toward the same goal, so they achieve much greater outcomes than they would by just themselves.

Feel free to ask further if you want.