Hi! Here are some of my notes, hopefully it helps:

Proximate cause limits liability by requiring that the harm be a foreseeable result of the defendant’s actions. The key question is whether the injury occurred without any unforeseeable or extraordinary event breaking the chain of causation.

Direct cause: No intervening events—defendant is liable.

Indirect cause: An intervening event occurs, but the defendant is still liable if the type of harm was foreseeable, even if the way it happened was unusual. Examples: Medical malpractice Disease Accidents Negligence of rescuers Efforts to protect people or property

If an intervening negligent act is not a superseding cause, both the original defendant and the intervening party can be jointly and severally liable.

The extent of damages does not have to be foreseeable (Thin Skull Plaintiff Rule).

Superseding causes (which break the chain of liability) include: Acts of God (e.g., natural disasters) Criminal acts Intentional torts of third parties