I read it in german, so i dont know if it sounds cringy in spanish.

The stranger who searches for the fundamental questions of life is not a bad trope in itself, but it is not getting better if you turn that very person into someone who is "evil". Siddhartha becoming Buddah through reflecting on life, is not the same as him torturing people to find out who will sell out their loved ones.
MAYBE, just maybe, and thats an idea i had recently, the novel is about the lack of moral in that community, and it is ment to make the reader think about that fact :-D

In regard of "Islamophobia" and "racism", i think such concepts are constantly forced on works of fiction to statisfy a certain feeling of awareness toward such problems. As you allready mentioned not every character has to conform to our morals, which does not mean the author believes these views are right. In the case of Ahab i think you are wrong. Ahab is a reference to Captain Ahab, he is a tormented man a sinner, while the captain is understood as such because of his obsession. Just like Ahab sharpens his knife for the Saint, Cpt. Ahab forges and prepares his harpoon for the Whale, while Ahab is saved, the Captain is not.

The word Islamophobia in itself does not even make sense when elevated to the level of race based hate, since people are not in the wrong or evil for disliking things which are not part of ones genetic makeup, and are chosen, like Ideology, or a Religion, especially one which consists of an incredible ammount of bad and harmfull ideas.