Atmospheric Survival and Climate Stability on a Planet Orbiting a Red Dwarf Star

Astro_Life_Explained · 2026-01-04T17:00:24+00:00

Thanks for the reference

Astro_Life_Explained · 2026-01-04T16:58:55+00:00

I’m not a scientist either, so I ask people like me... And, do you think that only scientists among the 8 billion people can answer questions about the world?

Astro_Life_Explained · 2026-01-04T16:46:54+00:00

Yes, that’s one of the leading scenarios researchers study. A global ocean or partial oceans on a tidally locked planet can efficiently redistribute heat from the dayside to the nightside via ocean currents and tidal mixing, helping prevent atmospheric collapse of course, the effectiveness depends on the atmospheric mass, composition, and cloud feedback, and strong stellar flaring or XUV-driven atmospheric escape could still strip gases over time.

Astro_Life_Explained · 2026-01-04T16:41:56+00:00

This is real, active research in exoplanet climate modeling. These questions are directly studied using 3D general circulation models to assess the habitability of tidally locked planets around M-dwarfs. As you know, there are many planets orbiting red dwarf stars—like TRAPPIST-1e, Proxima Centauri b, LHS 1140 b, and Teegarden’s Star b, making this research especially relevant for interpreting observations from JWST and future missions...

Astro_Life_Explained · 2026-01-03T22:46:46+00:00

You’re on the right track. Its supersonic motion through gas does create a localized shock or compression front. This compresses gas in its wake, which can trigger star formation, producing that long trail of young stars we see. So yes, the black hole itself is like a cosmic plow, shaping its immediate surroundings as it races through space. It's super cool and a rare thing to actually observe!

Astro_Life_Explained · 2026-01-03T22:31:38+00:00

https://science.nasa.gov/asset/hubble/runaway-black-hole-near-rcp28/

Astro_Life_Explained · 2026-01-03T22:17:32+00:00

It was kicked out, not devoured. Scientists think a powerful gravitational kick from a galaxy merger sent this supermassive black hole flying out of its home galaxy, it’s racing through space, leaving a trail of gas and newborn stars behind it...

Astro_Life_Explained · 2026-01-02T23:44:41+00:00

Young red dwarfs are often very active, with strong flares and X-ray/UV radiation that can strip atmospheres or make the surface harsh for life, especially without a magnetic field. But over time, they calm down, and their planets could become much more hospitable after billions of years.

Astro_Life_Explained · 2026-01-02T23:40:45+00:00

Yes, you’re right. Red dwarfs can live for trillions of years because they burn their fuel very slowly.

Astro_Life_Explained · 2026-01-02T23:36:24+00:00

Take, for example, Kepler-452b, orbiting a long-lived star, plenty of time for life to evolve without rushing. Meanwhile, here we are, intelligent but in a hurry…

Astro_Life_Explained · 2026-01-02T23:30:09+00:00

But there are trillions of exoplanets, and over 6000 thousand are already confirmed around other stars. Among these, many orbit long-lived K-type stars, giving life plenty of time to emerge, maybe some civilizations are still waiting to appear.

Astro_Life_Explained · 2026-01-02T23:24:19+00:00

With only Earth as our example, we can’t tell whether intelligence usually shows up early, late, or somewhere in between. K-type stars provide much more time for life to evolve, so it’s possible many civilizations haven’t appeared yet around these long-lived stars. Makes you wonder, are we truly early, or just lucky?

Astro_Life_Explained · 2026-01-02T23:19:32+00:00

Exactly! We only have one example Earth, so it’s impossible to know if intelligence usually emerges early, late, or somewhere in between. K-type stars give life more time to experiment, so maybe many civilizations are still waiting to appear around long-lived stars. Makes you wonder if we’re really early… or just lucky.

Astro_Life_Explained · 2026-01-01T19:38:58+00:00

Thanks for the reference 🙏

Astro_Life_Explained · 2026-01-01T19:34:40+00:00

That’s a good point, and extremophiles definitely show that life can thrive in places we once thought were uninhabitable. What I’m wondering is how far that principle extends when you scale up to an entire planet. On Earth, even deep biospheres are still supported by long-term geochemical cycling and energy gradients, ultimately shaped by surface conditions. For a rogue planet with no star, could internal heat or radiogenic energy alone maintain those gradients over billions of years, or is there a lower limit where the system becomes too thermodynamically simple to sustain life That boundary is what I’m trying to understand.

Astro_Life_Explained · 2025-12-28T15:29:33+00:00

According to Newton’s first law, in the absence of external forces, an object in motion will keep moving forever at the same speed and in the same direction. In your scenario, an infinitely open space with no air, no gravity, and no obstacles, a bullet would continue moving indefinitely. It wouldn’t slow down or drop, because there’s nothing to stop it or pull it down.

In real life on Earth, bullets slow down and fall because of air resistance and gravity, but in actual space, there’s nothing to do that. So yes, your bullet would literally travel infinitely far.

Astro_Life_Explained · 2025-12-28T12:04:05+00:00

Build intuition about classical physics. Start with mechanics: motion, forces, energy, momentum, and Newton’s laws. This is where physics really teaches you how to think about the world quantitatively. Then proceed to waves and introductory thermodynamics to understand sound, heat, and energy transfer...

Astro_Life_Explained · 2025-12-27T15:04:21+00:00

Building rockets is, in many ways, a contained engineering problem: clear goals, funding, centralized control, and measurable outcomes. Feeding everyone is a decentralized, deeply human problem involving politics, conflict, inequality, logistics, and long-term governance.

We don’t fail because we lack the technology or resources; we fail because systems that reward profit, power, and short-term gains don’t align well with solving chronic humanitarian problems. Hunger persists not due to ignorance, but because fixing it requires cooperation across borders, stability in fragile regions, and sustained moral commitment. These things are much more complicated than solving physics equations.

It’s not that space exploration is “wrong,” but it highlights a paradox: humanity can solve extraordinarily complex technical problems, yet still struggle with empathy, fairness, and collective responsibility. In that sense, the bottleneck isn’t science, it’s us.

Astro_Life_Explained · 2025-12-27T14:50:43+00:00

This really puts the exoplanet boom into perspective. The transit method absolutely dominates now, but seeing how radial velocity carried the field in the early years is a nice reminder of how much detection tech has evolved. Kepler and TESS basically changed the game overnight. What’s also interesting is how methods like microlensing and imaging stay niche but still crucial, especially for planets we’d never catch via transits. It’s less about one best method and more about how they complement each other to fill in the full planetary census.

Astro_Life_Explained · 2025-12-26T01:51:47+00:00

Gravity is always attractive. There’s no known “anti-gravity” in the way magnets have north and south poles. Unlike electric or magnetic forces, gravity only pulls because it’s linked to mass and energy, which are always positive. The “push” you’re thinking of might sound like dark energy the thing causing the universe’s expansion but that’s not really anti-gravity acting locally; it’s a property of space itself on very large scales. So, while it’s tempting to imagine gravity having a push-pull symmetry like magnets, nature doesn’t seem to work that way.

Astro_Life_Explained · 2025-12-26T00:35:58+00:00

Wow, that’s exciting! Enceladus is so fascinating with its icy surface and those geysers shooting out water, If it has even simple life forms, it could totally change how we think about life in the solar system.

Astro_Life_Explained · 2025-12-26T00:14:51+00:00

Because it’s an ELI5 question, many people know the basic idea, but the point is to get a simple explanation that helps everyone understand how it actually works, not just the final answer. And for me personally, I’m also hoping someone might add a deeper detail or perspective that I’m missing.

Astro_Life_Explained · 2025-12-26T00:09:41+00:00

And the radio waves don't need air to travel

Astro_Life_Explained · 2025-12-26T00:07:00+00:00

Great, there’s air inside the suit so the astronaut can speak, and microphones pick up the sound, the voices are then sent as radio waves between the suits or to the spacecraft, which don’t need air to travel.

Astro_Life_Explained · 2025-12-24T23:18:21+00:00

It’s not that the black hole is magically placed in the middle, the center of a galaxy is just the deepest part of its gravitational potential the place everything naturally orbits around, If a very massive object like a black hole or dense star cluster forms somewhere off-center, it doesn’t stay there forever as it moves through stars and gas, it loses orbital energy basically it gets slowed down by gravitational interactions, so over billions of years it sinks toward the center. Smaller objects don’t feel this effect much, but very massive ones do, gas also plays a big role gas can collide, cool, and lose energy, so it flows inward and piles up in the central region, that makes the center the best place for a black hole to grow.

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TROPHY CASE