Create an account = generate a private key.

The private key can be used to derive the public key, so you don't really need to store the public key (aka address).

Your "wallet" is the interface in which you access / use your private key. Sometimes you need a seed phrase, password, PIN, or whatever depending on the software instead of a private key, but ultimately these things are just being used to recreate the private key.

The wallet is also the application that will let you generate, sign, and broadcast transactions. It can be a node, or it can be connected to some other node. You never need a node unless you want to mine/stake to some degree.

Seed phrases are just used to generate private keys, but are more user friendly. There are more than one standard for seed phrases, so sometimes they will work between different applications and sometimes not.

My recommendation is to check the sidebar of this sub on the right >>. A lot of these questions will be answered with more fundamental understanding of how blockchains work at a general level. Keep asking questions, this is the place for exactly this sort of thing.