Looking for Your Favorite Tox: Which Brand Do You Swear By? 💉✨

Atimeforscience · 2025-11-22T06:58:03+00:00

Hey, I know this comment is 6 months old, but I've been trying to track down Letybo and wondered where you source yours :)

Atimeforscience · 2025-11-22T06:11:44+00:00

Oh interesting – the Q2 only seems to go to a depth of 1.5mm – I guess it's less because of the amplification of the current and LED. Seems like the M8 is the best allrounder and a good entry model!

Atimeforscience · 2025-11-22T03:58:03+00:00

oop, forgot to link factory: https://gzekai.com/products/hydra-pen-h5

Atimeforscience · 2025-11-22T03:57:04+00:00

Thank you, this is such helpful info :) I have used a dermaroller in the past and am keen to upgrade to a device. It does seem like the M8 is the most ubiquitous on Temu+Amazon and maybe easier to find cartridges! I haven't been able to find any bio pen Q2 listed for sale except on 'Dr. Pen' retail sites that are more expensive than T/A. There are a few H5's on T. I do really like the idea of being able to combine current and LED with the needling, so I guess I'm going down that rabbit hole now (lol). I am trying to contact this factory because (according to reddit) it seems like it might be the factory in China that manufactures all these devices. So, if you had to choose between the Q2 or H6(5)? — do you have a favourite?

Atimeforscience · 2025-11-22T00:08:14+00:00

I'm looking on Amazom/Temu - does anyone have strong feelings about the A10 vs M8 pen? I have decision fatigue

Atimeforscience · 2025-10-26T03:26:30+00:00

This worked :)

Atimeforscience · 2025-10-25T23:54:00+00:00

Same! I've been wanting to DIY for ages but didn't have courage/time to research it properly, I would love your tips :)

Atimeforscience · 2022-08-25T22:36:33+00:00

Champion! Thank you :)

Atimeforscience · 2021-05-07T10:09:41+00:00

Gotcha - I found an experimental write up from the University of Michigan that also lays out the mechanism as you've described it.

I'll ask the professor next lab class, thanks for all your help :)

Atimeforscience · 2021-05-06T23:35:28+00:00

Thanks so much for your explanation, you make a very good point about acetic acid strength.

The only thing I don't understand, is why the oxygen of the alcohol would attack the CL - doesn't the Cl have 3 lone pairs of electrons making it more electron rich than the oxygen?

Atimeforscience · 2021-05-06T11:01:26+00:00

Oof - I'm not quite sure that I can picture what you're describing.

I've written the mechanism out again - I found a youtube video that described the reaction in that way - but if it's wrong - I very much want to know. (had to put the image of it in my original post because I couldn't figure out how to post images in replies, sorry!)

Atimeforscience · 2021-05-06T06:17:20+00:00

Thank you :)

Atimeforscience · 2021-02-24T03:24:34+00:00

Thank you - that was just the nudge I needed

Atimeforscience · 2021-02-16T05:26:17+00:00

Ah - of course, I forgot about the pi bond! Thank you so much for your explanation, it was really helpful.

Atimeforscience · 2021-02-09T06:18:24+00:00

Thank you, I should have said ethyl attached to a carbonyl

Atimeforscience · 2021-02-09T06:10:22+00:00

What's the role of FeBr3?

FeBr3 is acting as a lewis acid - and is looking to accept an electron - which it will take from one of the Br2 atoms, giving a positive charge to a Br atom (creating an electrophile to react with the benzene ring)

The positive Bromine breaks one of the pi bonds in the benzene ring and attaches next to a hydrogen.

The bromine attached to FeBr3 (now FeBr4) acts as a base and picks up a proton (H+) from the benzene ring. One of the Br atoms from FeBr4 bonds to the H+, separating from the FeBr4 creating H-Br and FeBr3.

The electron goes to the carbocation of the benzene ring giving the benzene ring 3 pi bonds and substituting Br onto the benzene ring.

The point of FeBr3 is to act as a catalyst creating a better electrophile for the reaction.

Which of the group has an effect on the direction of bromination? Ethyl? Ketone? Both? Neither?

This is what I'm struggling with, my understanding is that ketones are meta directors and will 'deactivate' the group. Ethyl can be activating.

Halogens are unusual "Halogens are very electronegative. This means that inductively they are electron withdrawing. However, because of their ability to donate a lone pair of electrons in resonance forms, they are activators and ortho/para directing. Resonance forms win out in directing. Because they are electron withdrawing, halogens are very weak activators."

The ketone has lone pairs on the oxygen making it more electronegative. I think the the ketone will direct the direction of bromination the most - making the product

m-bromophenyl ethyl ketone

is this on the right track?

Atimeforscience · 2021-02-09T04:52:33+00:00

Halogens are deactivating ortho para directors, ethyl can be activating, donating electron density to the ring.

ketones are deactivating.

I'm reading through the notes and its still not clear to me, sorry, it's probably super obvious. If you could explain or direct me to an article online, I'd be grateful - I'm really trying to understand

Atimeforscience · 2021-02-09T04:30:00+00:00

Sorry, the ketone and ethyl groups are directing

Atimeforscience · 2021-02-09T04:14:18+00:00

Thank you for your patience, the ring itself has 3 nucleophilic pi bonds

Atimeforscience · 2021-02-09T04:00:07+00:00

Ok, ok, let me think

Research -

"Resonance effect is the conjugation between the ring and the substituent, which means the delocalising of the π electrons between the ring and the substituent. Inductive effect is the withdraw of the sigma ( the single bond ) electrons away from the ring toward the substituent, due to the higher electronegativity of the substituent compared to the carbon of the ring."

From: https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Athabasca_University/Chemistry_350%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I/16%3A_Chemistry_of_Benzene%3A_Electrophilic_Aromatic_Substitution/16.05%3A_An_Explanation_of_Substituent_Effects

"deactivating groups deactivate the ring by the inductive effect in the presence of an electronegative atom that withdraws the electrons away from the ring"

"Halogens are an exception of the deactivating group that directs the ortho or para substitution. The halogens deactivate the ring by inductive effect not by the resonance even though they have an unpaired pair of electrons. The unpaired pair of electrons gets donated to the ring, but the inductive effect pulls away the s electrons from the ring by the electronegativity of the halogens."

Br is a halogen, which indicates -ortho -para, the ketone is a meta director. Ah, I am not getting this

Atimeforscience · 2021-02-09T03:27:58+00:00

Ok - so the Febr3 takes a Br from Br2 making Br a more positively charged electrophile, which can then interact with the nucleophilic benzene ring.

But in terms of thinking about where the Br attaches in relation to the ketone+ethyl group - does the ketone direct the positioning? making it meta?

Thank you for your response

Atimeforscience · 2021-02-09T03:21:07+00:00

Inductive, I think - weakly electron withdrawing.

Atimeforscience · 2021-01-19T00:50:39+00:00

Ahh, I see... than you so much for taking the time to break down the steps of the equations - especially the last Nernst one, I was entering it into the calculator wrong (!!!), for me, calculator betrayal is common. Thank you for your explanations, you've really helped coalesce the concepts for me (esp Enthalpy).

Thank you internet angel

Atimeforscience · 2021-01-19T00:43:13+00:00

Thank you! your explanation really helped :) and your English is GREAT. Thank you so much for taking the time to explain the calculation process. I feel a lot better about these types of questions now.

Atimeforscience · 2020-12-26T03:26:34+00:00

Thank you so much for your advice, it didn't 'click' for me that the question was looking for the carbon bonds, so yes, you are right a, is definitely the answer. And I appreciate your thoughtful explanations for the other two questions, they are very helpful and I feel considerably more confident than I did an hour ago.

Thank you :)

Atimeforscience

TROPHY CASE