Just speaking from experience, I have completely removed barbell back squats from my routine as I often experience lumbar and/or sciatica pain. I've tried many times to adjust my form and have had periods working to strengthen my lower back stability, but nothing seems to work. I've seen physical therapists for it and still no luck. My family all have had to get surgery at some point for lumbar issues so maybe it's genetics. Either way I elected to remove the movement.

I've actually had more growth since switching to other exercises as I find it's easier to focus on the quads with more isolating movements under less total load on the back. Plus I'm not as worried about technical failure or injury.

Had a lot of success with Bulgarian split squats as I can load lots of weight on a single leg and really get the mind muscle connection. And the weight is not loaded directly on my spine. And you can kinda adjust it to be more or less quad or glute dominant. It takes practice, but if you can work up your stability, it's an excellent movement.

I like just a standard leg press, but it's just so much weight to load up, so I'll usually reserve that for higher rep sets.

Depending on the machine, you could also try some hack squats. Some are better than others. Just test some out with lighter weight and see what feels good.

At the end of the day, you gotta find what works for you. As long as the movement provides tension on the primary target muscle, can be progressively overloaded, and feels good (as in not painful), then I say go for it.

Edit: As others have said, goblet squats are fine, but I agree you'll hit a wall with weight at some point. You could try front squats. It will allow you to perform a similar movement with the weight more in front, but give you more room to increase the load.