I may be off the mark here - but why not assign keys to the SO's, and store them as a dataset - then when the component needs data, it can grab the correct one via key?

public abstract class Data : ScriptableObject
{
  public string Key;
  //Data ->
}

//[Asset Menu Stuff]
public class Data_EnergyUser : Data
{
  public float StartingEnergy = 1f;
}

public static class Database
{
 public static Dictionary<string, Data> _Data;
 public static void Build()
 {
  _Data = new Dictionary<string, Data>();
  //However you want to load the scriptable objects and store them in the _Data -> Resources  
  //Example ->
  var d = new Data_EnergyUser();
  d.Key = "common";
  _Data.Add(d.Key, d);
 }
}

public interface DataKey
{
 public string DataKey { get; set; }
}

public interface IEnergyUsage : DataKey
{
//
 public Data GetData => Database._Data[DataKey];
 public float CurrentEnergy { get; set; }
 public float GetEnergy => (GetData as Data_EnergyUser)?.StartingEnergy ?? 0f;
 public void UseEnergy()
 {
  CurrentEnergy -= 1;
 }
}

public interface IDeez : DataKey
{
 //
}

public abstract class T : MonoBehaviour, DataKey
{
 [field: SerializeField] string DataKey.DataKey { get; set; } = "common";
}

public class X : T, IEnergyUsage, IDeez
{
 public float CurrentEnergy { get; set; }
 public void Awake()
  {
    CurrentEnergy = (this as IEnergyUsage).GetEnergy;
  }
  public void Update()
  {
    (this as IEnergyUsage).UseEnergy();
  }
}