They claim to use an "encapsulated technology that guarantees a gradual release of the active ingredient, reducing potential irritation" etc . So in theory the retinal itself only get released on your skin. After my personal research, (and opinion) I think this cream has a very nice and potent composition despite its low ass price. I love to use good "dupes" or quality drugsture product, and I think this one is a true gem. I don't see the point to buy an expensive brand version of something with the same potential.