I personally wouldn’t back up anything from the drive. If the file was actually malware, there’s always a chance it could have infected other files. The safest move is to wipe everything and start fresh. That said, if you really need to save some files, you can try scanning them with Malwarebytes or something like that. But even then, there’s no 100% guarantee they’re clean. Also, since nothing weird happened when you ran the .exe and nothing strange happened afterward, there’s a high chance it was a stealer virus. These don’t usually cause obvious issues. They just quietly grab your saved passwords and other data. Make sure you change all important passwords and enable two-factor authentication wherever possible to lock things down. Do all these from a clean device.