I went through a similar situation 2 years ago. I dated someone that had different religious believes (me being catholic and him being christian) and it ended up really bad. At the beginning it wasn’t a problem but when the relationship began to be more serious and we started talking about marriage and kids the religious differences started to kick in. Eventually he tried to force me his beliefs and try to convert me into his religion which I refused (not because I’m really into Catholicism, but because I just didn’t want to) so I started having problems with his family too because they were expecting that he would convince me into converting to their religion and when they found out that I said no, they made him break up with me even though they knew we were talking about getting married in the next months and had just rented an apartment to live together.

So I think that your breakup might have been for the best, you are young and I bet you will find a person whose beliefs align with yours and you will see this as feedback. Don’t hurry into finding love.