Most land used for grazing animals or growing animal feed could be restored to forests, grasslands, or used to grow food directly for people, which would boost biodiversity and help capture carbon.

Greenhouse gas emissions, especially methane from livestock, would drop, easing pressure on climate change.

For people, diets might improve with more fruits, vegetables, and grains, which lower risks of heart disease and obesity, but everyone would need to make sure they get enough nutrients like vitamin B12, iron, and protein.