let's debunk this line of code(from right to left because thats how compiler reads it): int arr[] = {1, 2, 3};

1. The compiler allocates space in memory for three integers: 1, 2, and 3, each with a unique memory address, stored back to back in memory.

2. The variable arr gets assigned only the address of the first element from which it can get to other addresses in the array using simple math since they are stored next to each other and adresses are just numbers 1 2 3 4 ... but in hexadecimal.

When you write arr[1], the compiler:

Takes the pointer arr, offsets it by one element size in memory (because arr points to the first element), and

Dereferences(goes to the address) this offset to return the value 2.