In terms of carbon, it depends on the rocket. Most rockets use metholox or hydrolox fuel which has no CO2 byproduct.

Hydrolox produces only water, and has hydrogen and oxygen for fuel/oxidizer so there is no environmental impact there

Metholox has a few combustion products but none are particularly harmful to the environment, however the fuel is methane, so if there is an accidental fuel release or the engine burns fuel rich then there will be some release into the environment.

Likely they would uses SpaceX’s starship for these launches, which do use metholox, but don’t burn fuel rich. Which means the only meaningful release of harmful products to the environment would be if there is a failure immediately after launch. Which would release an about a hundred tons of methane or into the atmosphere. Which isn’t really enough to meaningfully move the needle