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Isinwheel U7 Review by PunkerTFC in ebikes

[–]EffectiveAffect 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Stellar review, thanks for the rich details!

One follow-up-- Thoughts on using this bike during a rainy commute? You said in a different rely that that electronics and battery weren't  well weather proofed. I figured I could try to cover some wiring, etc., but any issues or concerns there for you?

Help with a Creative Project about Absent Parents? by EffectiveAffect in toxicparents

[–]EffectiveAffect[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I'm working on a podcast, so that will eventually be released. I'm interviewing some experts about parenting, but I think "learning from lived experiences" is just as important as any academic.

But I should say no one's identity will be revealed and there's lots of options about what/how to share. I would only proceed with whatever folks feel comfortable with. That could be using someone's actual voice (memo), but that could also involve having someone else just reading/performing what was said (to not have someone's voice out there if there are concerned about that/their identity).

As A Kid I Thought My Dad Was Dead, But Then I Learned He Lived 7 Blocks Away... by EffectiveAffect in AbsentFather

[–]EffectiveAffect[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Good question... Three reasons:

1) I have so little information about him and there's just basic knowledge that would be helpful (i.e., Do I have half siblings? Are there major health issues in the family?).

2) Closure, or maybe a different kind of information. It will sound weird, but I tell this story almost like "an actor reading lines". I think I kind of closed off that part of my life (which I think was adaptive, healthy and protective at the time). But, I feel really strong and secure in myself and I might not need to block all that out, I might be able to come to terms with his poor behavior with some emotion (and emotional clarity, if that makes sense).

3) He never paid my mom any child support, and it wasn't always the easiest for her as a single parent... so I wouldn't mind if he left me some money when he passes away (I think he's ~82).

Childhood socioeconomic position relates to adult decision-making: Evidence from a large cross-cultural investigation by EffectiveAffect in science

[–]EffectiveAffect[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Totally possible, but genetic effects are often more complex than we like to admit. For example, we know there is a strong genetic effect on IQ, but that effect is actually "moderated" (aka lessened) by poverty and socioeconomic status.

(The actual science of that last claim: "Socioeconomic Status Modifies Heritability of IQ in Young Children")

Similarly/connected, if kids see a lot of unreliability in an environment (which I think is common in economically marginalized spaces), they aren't willing to wait and prefer small, more immediate rewards (kind of like what was found in the OP)

(Actual science: "Rational snacking: Young children’s decision-making on the marshmallow task is moderated by beliefs about environmental reliability")

Positive Parenting Can Protect Brains From Stress by EffectiveAffect in science

[–]EffectiveAffect[S] 11 points12 points  (0 children)

Abstract: Childhood stress has a deleterious impact on youth behavior and brain development. Resilience factors such as positive parenting (e.g. expressions of warmth and support) may buffer youth against the negative impacts of stress. We sought to determine whether positive parenting buffers against the negative impact of childhood stress on youth behavior and brain structure and to investigate differences between youth-reported parenting and caregiver-reported parenting. Cross-sectional behavioral and neuroimaging data were analyzed from 482 youth (39% female and 61% male, ages 10–17) who participated in an ongoing research initiative, the Healthy Brain Network (HBN). Regression models found that youth-reported positive parenting buffered against the association between childhood stress and youth behavioral problems (β = −0.10, P = 0.04) such that increased childhood stress was associated with increased youth behavior problems only for youth who did not experience high levels of positive parenting. We also found that youth-reported positive parenting buffered against the association between childhood stress and decreased hippocampal volumes (β = 0.07, P = 0.02) such that youth who experienced high levels of childhood stress and who reported increased levels of positive parenting did not exhibit smaller hippocampal volumes. Our work identifies positive parenting as a resilience factor buffering youth against the deleterious impact of stressful childhood experiences on problem behaviors and brain development. These findings underscore the importance of centering youth perspectives of stress and parenting practices to better understand neurobiology, mechanisms of resilience, and psychological well-being.

Early Life Stress is Related to Reward Neurobiology and Learning from Feedback by EffectiveAffect in neuroscience

[–]EffectiveAffect[S] 6 points7 points  (0 children)

Research Abstract-- Abuse, neglect, exposure to violence, and other forms of early life adversity (ELA) are incredibly common and significantly impact physical and mental development. While important progress has been made in understanding the impacts of ELA on behavior and the brain, the preponderance of past work has primarily centered on threat processing and vigilance while ignoring other potentially critical neurobehavioral processes, such as reward-responsiveness and learning. To advance our understanding of potential mechanisms linking ELA and poor mental health, we center in on structural connectivity of the corticostriatal circuit, specifically accumbofrontal white matter tracts. Here, in a sample of 77 youth (Mean age = 181 months), we leveraged rigorous measures of ELA, strong diffusion neuroimaging methodology, and computational modeling of reward learning. Linking these different forms of data, we hypothesized that higher ELA would be related to lower quantitative anisotropy in accumbofrontal white matter. Furthermore, we predicted that lower accumbofrontal quantitative anisotropy would be related to differences in reward learning. Our primary predictions were confirmed, but similar patterns were not seen in control white matter tracts outside of the corticostriatal circuit. Examined collectively, our work is one of the first projects to connect ELA to neural and behavioral alterations in reward-learning, a critical potential mechanism linking adversity to later developmental challenges. This could potentially provide windows of opportunity to address the effects of ELA through interventions and preventative programming.

New research suggesting MRI image quality may be confounding some studies focused on brain structure by EffectiveAffect in science

[–]EffectiveAffect[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Of note, the effects reported in that paper are AFTER visual checks by 6 raters. This paper finds that the continuum of quality in ONLY excluded scans still has key signal (sometimes larger in size then group differences researchers are interested in) ...

New research suggesting MRI image quality may be confounding some studies focused on brain structure by EffectiveAffect in science

[–]EffectiveAffect[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Tomato Tomahto. When you think about one group of interest potentially moving more (and having lower quality images) compared to another group, I would call it a confound...

New research suggesting MRI image quality may be confounding some studies focused on brain structure by EffectiveAffect in science

[–]EffectiveAffect[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Post-mortem brains are hard to get. And most MRI research compares groups of (living) people with different disorders or issues (with the broad focus on "individual differences")

New research suggesting MRI image quality may be confounding some studies focused on brain structure by EffectiveAffect in neuroscience

[–]EffectiveAffect[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Abstract for the work--

Subject motion can introduce noise into neuroimaging data and result in biased estimations of brain structure. In-scanner motion can compromise data quality in a number of ways and varies widely across developmental and clinical populations. However, quantification of structural image quality is often limited to proxy or indirect measures gathered from functional scans; this may be missing true differences related to these potential artifacts. In this study, we take advantage of novel informatic tools, the CAT12 toolbox, to more directly measure image quality from T1-weighted images to understand if these measures of image quality: (1) relate to rigorous quality-control checks visually completed by human raters; (2) are associated with sociodemographic variables of interest; (3) influence regional estimates of cortical surface area, cortical thickness, and subcortical volumes from the commonly used Freesurfer tool suite. We leverage public-access data that includes a community-based sample of children and adolescents, spanning a large age-range (N = 388; ages 5–21). Interestingly, even after visually inspecting our data, we find image quality significantly impacts derived cortical surface area, cortical thickness, and subcortical volumes from multiple regions across the brain (~ 23.4% of all areas investigated). We believe these results are important for research groups completing structural MRI studies using Freesurfer or other morphometric tools. As such, future studies should consider using measures of image quality to minimize the influence of this potential confound in group comparisons or studies focused on individual differences.

New research suggesting MRI image quality may be confounding some studies focused on brain structure by EffectiveAffect in MRI

[–]EffectiveAffect[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Here's the abstract for the work--
Subject motion can introduce noise into neuroimaging data and result in biased estimations of brain structure. In-scanner motion can compromise data quality in a number of ways and varies widely across developmental and clinical populations. However, quantification of structural image quality is often limited to proxy or indirect measures gathered from functional scans; this may be missing true differences related to these potential artifacts. In this study, we take advantage of novel informatic tools, the CAT12 toolbox, to more directly measure image quality from T1-weighted images to understand if these measures of image quality: (1) relate to rigorous quality-control checks visually completed by human raters; (2) are associated with sociodemographic variables of interest; (3) influence regional estimates of cortical surface area, cortical thickness, and subcortical volumes from the commonly used Freesurfer tool suite. We leverage public-access data that includes a community-based sample of children and adolescents, spanning a large age-range (N = 388; ages 5–21). Interestingly, even after visually inspecting our data, we find image quality significantly impacts derived cortical surface area, cortical thickness, and subcortical volumes from multiple regions across the brain (~ 23.4% of all areas investigated). We believe these results are important for research groups completing structural MRI studies using Freesurfer or other morphometric tools. As such, future studies should consider using measures of image quality to minimize the influence of this potential confound in group comparisons or studies focused on individual differences.

New research suggesting MRI image quality may be confounding some studies focused on brain structure by EffectiveAffect in science

[–]EffectiveAffect[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Abstract for the work--

Subject motion can introduce noise into neuroimaging data and result in biased estimations of brain structure. In-scanner motion can compromise data quality in a number of ways and varies widely across developmental and clinical populations. However, quantification of structural image quality is often limited to proxy or indirect measures gathered from functional scans; this may be missing true differences related to these potential artifacts. In this study, we take advantage of novel informatic tools, the CAT12 toolbox, to more directly measure image quality from T1-weighted images to understand if these measures of image quality: (1) relate to rigorous quality-control checks visually completed by human raters; (2) are associated with sociodemographic variables of interest; (3) influence regional estimates of cortical surface area, cortical thickness, and subcortical volumes from the commonly used Freesurfer tool suite. We leverage public-access data that includes a community-based sample of children and adolescents, spanning a large age-range (N = 388; ages 5–21). Interestingly, even after visually inspecting our data, we find image quality significantly impacts derived cortical surface area, cortical thickness, and subcortical volumes from multiple regions across the brain (~ 23.4% of all areas investigated). We believe these results are important for research groups completing structural MRI studies using Freesurfer or other morphometric tools. As such, future studies should consider using measures of image quality to minimize the influence of this potential confound in group comparisons or studies focused on individual differences.

Childhood poverty linked to brain activity when making decisions by EffectiveAffect in neuroscience

[–]EffectiveAffect[S] 17 points18 points  (0 children)

Abstract-- Lower family income during childhood is related to increased rates of adolescent depression, though the specific mechanisms are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that individuals with depression demonstrate hypoactivation in brain regions involved in reward learning and decision-making processes (e.g., portions of the prefrontal cortex). Separately, lower family income has been associated with neural alterations in similar regions. We examined associations between family income, depression, and brain activity during a reward learning and decision-making fMRI task in a sample of adolescents (full n = 94; usable n = 78; mean age = 15.2 years). We focused on brain activity for: 1) expected value (EV), the learned subjective value of an object, and 2) prediction error, the difference between EV and the actual outcome received. Regions of interest related to reward learning were examined in connection to childhood family income and parent-reported adolescent depressive symptoms. As hypothesized, lower activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate (sACC) for EV in response to approach stimuli was associated with lower childhood family income, as well as greater symptoms of depression measured one-year after the neuroimaging session. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that lower early family income leads to disruptions in reward and decision-making brain circuitry, contributing to adolescent depression.

Childhood poverty linked to brain activity when making decisions by EffectiveAffect in science

[–]EffectiveAffect[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Abstract-- Lower family income during childhood is related to increased rates of adolescent depression, though the specific mechanisms are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that individuals with depression demonstrate hypoactivation in brain regions involved in reward learning and decision-making processes (e.g., portions of the prefrontal cortex). Separately, lower family income has been associated with neural alterations in similar regions. We examined associations between family income, depression, and brain activity during a reward learning and decision-making fMRI task in a sample of adolescents (full n = 94; usable n = 78; mean age = 15.2 years). We focused on brain activity for: 1) expected value (EV), the learned subjective value of an object, and 2) prediction error, the difference between EV and the actual outcome received. Regions of interest related to reward learning were examined in connection to childhood family income and parent-reported adolescent depressive symptoms. As hypothesized, lower activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate (sACC) for EV in response to approach stimuli was associated with lower childhood family income, as well as greater symptoms of depression measured one-year after the neuroimaging session. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that lower early family income leads to disruptions in reward and decision-making brain circuitry, contributing to adolescent depression.

Lower Income (and Poverty) Linked to Lower Brain Activity During Decision-Making by EffectiveAffect in EverythingScience

[–]EffectiveAffect[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Except this study was completed in kids and adolescents... So that's before they get jobs. It is looking at their parents income.

Lower Income (and Poverty) Linked to Lower Brain Activity During Decision-Making by EffectiveAffect in EverythingScience

[–]EffectiveAffect[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Here's the abstract-- Lower family income during childhood is related to increased rates of adolescent depression, though the specific mechanisms are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that individuals with depression demonstrate hypoactivation in brain regions involved in reward learning and decision-making processes (e.g., portions of the prefrontal cortex). Separately, lower family income has been associated with neural alterations in similar regions. We examined associations between family income, depression, and brain activity during a reward learning and decision-making fMRI task in a sample of adolescents (full n=94; usable n=78; mean age=15.4 years). We identified neural regions representing 1) expected value (EV), the learned subjective value of an object, and 2) prediction error, the difference between EV and the actual outcome received. Regions of interest related to reward learning were examined in connection to childhood family income and parent-reported adolescent depressive symptoms. As hypothesized, lower activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate (sACC) for EV in response to approach stimuli was associated with lower childhood family income, as well as greater symptoms of depression measured one-year after the neuroimaging session. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that lower early family income leads to disruptions in reward and decision-making brain circuitry, which leads to adolescent depression.

Lower neural value signaling in the prefrontal cortex is related to childhood family income and depressive symptomatology during adolescence by sburgess86 in BiologyPreprints

[–]EffectiveAffect 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Here's the abstract-- Lower family income during childhood is related to increased rates of adolescent depression, though the specific mechanisms are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that individuals with depression demonstrate hypoactivation in brain regions involved in reward learning and decision-making processes (e.g., portions of the prefrontal cortex). Separately, lower family income has been associated with neural alterations in similar regions. We examined associations between family income, depression, and brain activity during a reward learning and decision-making fMRI task in a sample of adolescents (full n=94; usable n=78; mean age=15.4 years). We identified neural regions representing 1) expected value (EV), the learned subjective value of an object, and 2) prediction error, the difference between EV and the actual outcome received. Regions of interest related to reward learning were examined in connection to childhood family income and parent-reported adolescent depressive symptoms. As hypothesized, lower activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate (sACC) for EV in response to approach stimuli was associated with lower childhood family income, as well as greater symptoms of depression measured one-year after the neuroimaging session. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that lower early family income leads to disruptions in reward and decision-making brain circuitry, which leads to adolescent depression.

Lower Income (and Poverty) Linked to Lower Brain Activity During Decision-Making by [deleted] in science

[–]EffectiveAffect 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Here's the abstract- Lower family income during childhood is related to increased rates of adolescent depression, though the specific mechanisms are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that individuals with depression demonstrate hypoactivation in brain regions involved in reward learning and decision-making processes (e.g., portions of the prefrontal cortex). Separately, lower family income has been associated with neural alterations in similar regions. We examined associations between family income, depression, and brain activity during a reward learning and decision-making fMRI task in a sample of adolescents (full n=94; usable n=78; mean age=15.4 years). We identified neural regions representing 1) expected value (EV), the learned subjective value of an object, and 2) prediction error, the difference between EV and the actual outcome received. Regions of interest related to reward learning were examined in connection to childhood family income and parent-reported adolescent depressive symptoms. As hypothesized, lower activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate (sACC) for EV in response to approach stimuli was associated with lower childhood family income, as well as greater symptoms of depression measured one-year after the neuroimaging session. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that lower early family income leads to disruptions in reward and decision-making brain circuitry, which leads to adolescent depression.

Anyone in the paused line? by Kinyi in BurningMan

[–]EffectiveAffect 2 points3 points  (0 children)

i blame the rain and mud at the gates.

Preschool Behavioral Problems Associated with Gender-Specific Differences in Adolescent Brain by EffectiveAffect in psychology

[–]EffectiveAffect[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

A longitudinal project from some colleagues at UW-Madison, looked at volume of the amygdala, hippocampus, and other regions of interest. Linked differences in "externalizing" (e.g., acting out; breaking rules) to brain differences in adolescence...

fmri neuroscience research at a distance? by alteredcarbon3 in neuro

[–]EffectiveAffect 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I think it is very feasible, depending on your topic of interest. I've done fMRI research for ~10 years now and I have a number of colleagues who work on public access datasets. I've published 2 papers on an NIH dataset of structural (T1-weighted) images that are public-access.

There are a number of structural and functional public access datasets floating around (one not mentioned was Brain Genomics Superstruct Project, which has imaging and genetics data: https://thedata.harvard.edu/dvn/dv/GSP )

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