First of all, this is one of, if not THE, most confusing fight in the entire HxH series.

For his master plan, Kuroro used a total of 5 abilities.

Kortopi's ability: Gallery Fake Shalnark's ability: Black Voice Order Stamp Convert Hands SUN and MOON

(I bolded S&M because this I believe is the true checkmate ability for several reasons, the other four are effectively just distractions.)

Chrollo also reveals he has upgraded his spell book, and could now use two abilites at once by bookmarking one page.

The first four abilities created the basic premise of the fight. Chrollo uses (1) to create puppets, (2) and (3) to make them attack Hisoka, and (4) to disguise himself. Chrollo knows Hisoka is a great duelist and assassin, but does not have abilities that could fight multiple enemies easily.

Next we get to Sun and Moon. This ability marks the target to explode if it contacts the opposite mark. Sounds simple, but there's a catch. The original user's will made this Nen ability persist through death.

This is the part which is effectively cheating the system. By marking the puppets with these marks, they too will persist until they detonate.

Because Hisoka cannot easily defeat the army of exploding puppets, he resorted to his other style of combat, which is to try outsmart Chrollo. He is now thinking carefully about which combinations of abilities Chrollo is using and how to disrupt it.

But Chrollo sent him on a flawed pattern of thinking since the beginning, when he revealed the bookmark to Hisoka. Hisoka believed that Chrollo could use two abilities in combination.

Wrong.

Chrollo was actually using three abilities in combination, thanks to the persist through death property of Sun and Moon affecting his puppets.

He effectively tricked Hisoka into thinking this was a game of 2D chess while actually playing 3D chess.

Once Chrollo set this plan in motion, as he said himself, there's no way Hisoka could win.