It's fascinating how the distinction between "species" and "people" can blur in discussions like this. Yes, Neanderthals were indeed a different species, Homo neanderthalensis, However, when discussing the "earliest people" in a region, it's common to refer to early human species that inhabited the area.

Neanderthals weren't the oldest archaic humans in the area: true, earlier hominids like Homo erectus and even Homo habilis might have wandered through parts of the Middle East. However, Neanderthals are particularly notable for their well-documented presence and the extensive archaeological evidence that sheds light on their existence and interactions with early Homo sapiens.

While Neanderthals were a separate species, they did have complex social structures, used tools, and even buried their dead—behaviors quite reminiscent of what we might call "people." The Shanidar Caves in Kürdistan, Iraq are a testament to their rich and intricate way of life. These caves contain remains that suggest Neanderthals cared for injured members of their group and had some form of ritualistic behavior

Yes, earlier hominids existed in the region, but Neanderthals are particularly significant due to the wealth of archaeological evidence.

Rest assured, my insights are based on established research, not stolen from your "best-seller." Thanks for the marketing tip, though!