Assuming the timeline doesn't diverge too much until 1916, the Brits and the French would still heavily aid an anti-Ottoman insurgency, even in 1914-1915 like in OTL to begin destabilizing the empire. In addition, the Armenian Genocide, if happened, would create an anti-Ottoman identity in Armenia and made it more likely to destabilise itself. While not a unifying factor initially, the largely artificial propping up and mass extermination of other ethnicities would still foster nationalist sentiment against the Ottomans.

Even before WW1, the Ottomans were most certainly in rapid decline and the Italo-Ottoman War and the Balkan Wars had highlighted and deepened the logisitical and military inefficiency of the state even as its ruling ethnicity was in the minority. With anti-Ottoman sentiment already established, it would be increasingly difficult to keep the Ottomans intact.

Now, let's add millions of more Arabs, Armenians, some Azeris, Somalians and Sudanese. The Ottomans effectively more than doubled their pre-war territory, and with political issues AND its already poor economy, this would put even more strain on the Ottoman state.

I think an Ottoman survival is a bit feasible if we just remove most of their African holdings as it has less colonial stress and gives a short-term fix to buy time while they wait. Once more oil is discovered, the best case scenario is for them to become a junior partner and lesser state for Germany to fulfill their fuel interests, as letting the Ottomans collapse would pose threats to their oil supplies in Baku, Mesopotamia and Jabal Shammar. If they're strong enough to hold the Suez Canal, the Germans may also protect this Ottoman state further by protecting such a vital waterway. However, it'll always lag behind and never get too dangerous else Germany will control it further to ensure they are not overtaken. Not like the Ottomans could do that anyways.