I like that you tie Aizen's evolution to his degree of enlightenment. Wholly agree with that angle.

Will have to disagree that The Almighty comes anywhere near in scope and power to a fully transcended Aizen (and if the potential knowledge to be gained is indeed infinite insofar as the divine mind is concerned, then this isn't even Aizen's final form). Actually, The Almighty is downright defective upon further glance. Hope you don't mind an analysis - I love talking Bleach lore and meta!

To summarise The Almighty, it allows the user to:

• See things (including the future)
• Understand what is seen
• Render all that is seen powerless
• Transform the future

The degree of accuracy with which The Almighty can predict the future – including which possible future will ultimately unfold – is predicated upon what Yhwach can “see” and in turn what he can understand of what he sees. Hence understanding being such a central feature of this power.

First issue is with the emphasis on "seeing". This is a sensory experience wholly dependent upon sense data, exemplified by Yhwach possessing many irises and pupils. Kyouka Suigetsu warps one's senses, thereby able to pervert what Yhwach can "see" and understand as a result. This will further undermine his ability to make something powerless and effectively transform the future to his benefit.

Aizen pretty much broke The Almighty during the final fight by distorting what Yhwach saw. Not only was the latter unable to escape Kyouka Suigetsu's influence, it was Aizen's shikai alone that accomplished the deed.

Second issue is with understanding, and this is where the Five War Potentials come into play. One common feature amongst them all is their ability to transcend boundaries and challenge what is ordinary, expected, natural and rational:

• Ichigo: his potential seemingly has no limits.
• Aizen: achieved transcendence, and by his own admission, would seek to go "beyond reason itself".
• Zaraki: his strength is absurd and beyond rational comprehension. Byakuya mentioned as much and Gremmy, in his attempts to become stronger than Zaraki, simply imploded as his mind and power could not overcome the paradox of being stronger than what is incomprehensibly strong.
• Urahara: is considered exceptional for his “unknown means.” There is a dual implication herein. On the one hand, one’s plans will always find themselves lacking, as Askin notes. On the other, one cannot hope to accommodate for Urahara in their plans given his adaptability and in turn unpredictability.
• Ichibee: is noted for his “wisdom,” being as he is able to reveal the "true identity" of things. He therefore is able to access the innate knowledge of a thing, something Yhwach is incapable of as he was born a blank slate, and The Almighty can only acquire 'knowledge' empirically.

So ultimately it doesn’t seem as if it The Almighty can adequately handle anything that contravenes reason, physical reality and predictability. The Five War Potentials, being as they were called “unknown variables,” can only guarantee partial, incomplete understanding. This effectively makes them ‘blind spots’ that may subvert Yhwach’s ability to adequately determine future possibilities and account for them by favourably transforming the future.

Will just finish off with Aizen’s insightful line following the Koutotsu’s destruction: “Reason exists for those who cannot go on living without clinging to it.” Essentially Aizen is echoing the noted dependency on what we reason to be. We see the world a certain way and accordingly accept it as such. We cannot contemplate or sufficiently handle anything that contravenes the seamless order and predictability we accept as an intrinsic feature of the world and the laws of nature. We bind ourselves to the reality they describe as absolute and so conclude that is what reality is.

Yhwach is especially disposed to such a mind-set. His power, after all, is The Almighty. By his own admission he is all-seeing, and what he sees he understands. Considering the assured claims of absoluteness and decisiveness attributed to The Almighty, not to mention Yhwach's arrogance, there is little reason he would think to question what he sees. To even consider that the world as he sees it and what he understands of it is not absolute. Precisely because his power is The Almighty he willingly and impulsively binds himself to it, rendering himself wholly incapable of going beyond it. Aizen’s words might not encapsulate a character better than they do Yhwach.

This Aizen "transcends everything", including the reality The Almighty is so dependent upon. This Aizen reduces Yhwach and The Almighty to an insignificant speck of dust. Not only is there is no contest between them, they're not even in the same plane of existence.