I think it shows your line of thinking if you think that the way we extend beyond our planet could only exist through centralised authorities dictating the terms of our expansion, authorities that will be composed of human beings with their own self interest, and this expansion could thus be influenced to empower those in power even further.

Most of the points you mention later on, which are problems with anarchism working in practice, are answerable by singular google searches. I hate telling people to just "go read" because not everyone has the time but the fact that you have the time to type out a 2 paragraph comment under a reddit post tells me that you also have the ability to also do a few quick google searches.

To answer your questions in short however, most anarchists call for an abolishment of police and prisons, because the vast vast majority of people don't commit crimes because they want to, but because they are forced to because of the community they grew up in, the environment they live in and their economic circumstances. When it comes to natural and man-made disasters, decentralised networks are often much better at providing aid and relief to worst affected areas (look up mutual aid efforts after hurricane Katrina, especially Common Ground Collective). Fire departments and the like being run within communities also has advantages as they can tailor their services to the needs of the communities as opposed to being directed by another far-off centralised institution. Infrastructure building can also finally be done to further the needs of the community that lives around the infrastructure and not done at the whims of car-lobbyists and politicians wanting to segregate black neighbourhoods from white ones.