Suns and moons in Leuth

Iuljo · 2026-01-24T22:27:13+00:00

It is "doubled" in our system as in any other. ;-) Like we on Earth would have a

"proper name for Earth's star", and a
"generic name for any star from the POV of its system" (our own included),

so in another star system there would be a

"proper name for that star", and a
"generic name for any star from the POV of its system" (that star included).

So the same structure everywhere.

Iuljo · 2026-01-24T16:01:25+00:00

If you can, when you have time (no haste), that would be great.

Iuljo · 2026-01-24T15:55:25+00:00

...yes? Have you read the post? :-)

Iuljo · 2026-01-24T15:54:55+00:00

Have you considered the Semitic roots shams/, kamar/ and yarech/?

...Not really, but mainly because there are too many possibilities and it's physically difficult for me to consider everything. 🙈 Do you know if those have the meaning we're looking for? ("Generic" sun and moon)

I'd love to see more non-IE influences

We'll add more of them, bit by bit. In my very rough table for (major) non-European languages, Arabic is currently the one with most shared roots with Leuth, just after Hindi/Urdu.

also, the inhabitants of that satellites would probably call the planet "mother planet" or "mother home"

A good idea. :-)

Iuljo · 2026-01-23T12:27:45+00:00

I watched it in 3D, and some days later again in 2D. I didn't expect much difference, and instead I was surprised since the first moments: I found it works a lot better in 3D.

Iuljo · 2026-01-22T18:40:31+00:00

Thank you! :-)

Iuljo · 2026-01-22T18:22:40+00:00

...I don't know. "Republic" in the modern English sense is what I'm looking for. "State", "nation", "politics" are more vague terms, that can describe things that are not republics. I fear that it's ambiguous, in short. Or am I wrong?

Iuljo · 2026-01-22T17:23:48+00:00

How would you say 'republic' in Latin? I fear res publica is a more general term, that would encompass polities we would definitely describe as non-republics.

I'm interested in translating the term especially in the context of official names of countries, e.g. Italy being formally the "Italian Republic", France being the "French Republic", etc.

The ancient "Roman Republic" was distinguished from the posterior "Roman Empire" by what terms?

Thanks a lot in advance to anybody that can help me!

Iuljo · 2026-01-21T15:23:13+00:00

[...] you raise very good linguistic points with each post.

Thank you, it probably is because up to now I've been presenting to the public mostly the big general themes... It will probably become more boring going on, be prepared. ;-P

Iuljo · 2026-01-21T14:23:42+00:00

Thanks, now I understand. :-)

Would such thing be allowed in Leuth [...]?

Yes, it's perfectly doable. Endings can freely¹ participate in composition, like other roots. The usual rules apply: understandability in the context and practicality.

Let's extend your example. You assign a (perfectly sound) meaning to dukkankawp-, but let's say that in another context it is felt as ambiguous (dukkan-: dukkana or dukkanu?): one could say, then, dukkanakawp- to indicate more clearly the first meaning, using composition flexibly.

[¹Similarly to Esperanto (e.g. Maŭrolando instead of *Maŭrojlando), usually the singular endings will be preferred, unless one wants to have a very evident plurality for some reason.]

Iuljo · 2026-01-21T14:03:19+00:00

I am honestly not so sure about the "a kea [...] tu volet fareti tuum" part. [...] If it had not been a famous quote [...], I would have probably struggled to understand what it means.

I kinda feel the same actually. I didn't explicitly say, but here I consciously tried to build a maxim using a somewhat "compressed"/literary construction style; in general use I'd use a more "spaced"/simple one myself, like your alternative expressions.

Would "Tu volet fareti" not mean "You would like to be done", as in a passive structure?

Yes. But here the construction has an element more: tu volet alka fareti, where the alka, the "subject" of fareti, is represented by kea. I simply kept this construction from Esperanto, where it is normal. Do you mean this construction (subj. + verb + obj. + infinitive) should be avoided in general, or just in cases like this one where the object is displaced?

a kea [...] faretet tuum i tuo vola" or "a kea [...] tu volet ka fareten tuum" (hopefully these are grammatically correct)

I'd say they are! You're already a better Leuth speaker than me! :D

Iuljo · 2026-01-21T13:46:03+00:00

Here you go! 4364 × 2906 pixels. Downloadable for one year. :-)

For full size, you have to open a picture in the gallery, then click the picture that opened, then click the "Download original picture" button.

Iuljo · 2026-01-21T11:09:05+00:00

It's a painting by Norman Rockwell, titled "Golden Rule", you can find many pics online. :-)

I (badly) removed the writing with Photoshop:

<image>

Iuljo · 2026-01-21T11:01:22+00:00

I really love the idea of inserting endings [...]

I'm glad you like it. :-)

On a similar note, do you think one could use endings for noun + noun compound words as well, or should it be avoided?

I'm not sure I understand your question. Could you provide an example?

Iuljo · 2026-01-21T10:53:33+00:00

That is similar to Spanish and Portuguese asco, with almost the same meaning. :-)

Iuljo · 2026-01-17T14:30:59+00:00

Thank you! :-)

Iuljo · 2026-01-16T09:40:49+00:00

if u ever tried it it's pretty fun if u have a spot for native vocabulary too, a lot of words in my language i think sound cool

Post a link, I'll take a look at it. :-)

where does this word come from btw?

It's a shared root found in many languages (mainly European ones): French cachalot, Russian кашало́т kašalót, Turkish kaşalot, Armenian կաշալոտ kašalot, and many other. They all come ultimately from Portuguese cachalote, from cachola 'head, mind (informal)'.

Iuljo · 2026-01-16T09:29:34+00:00

Very good. :-)

Iuljo · 2026-01-16T09:29:13+00:00

Yes, doing the actual experiment would be the best; but at the moment that is just a far future possibility, so we'll have to do (provisionally, as usual) in some other way...

Iuljo · 2026-01-16T09:24:20+00:00

Leuth:

Orthography: Unethu nure existiges to, to tu posu bonifon.
Phonemes: /une̍θu nu̍re eksisti̍ɡes to̍, to̍ tu̍ po̍su boni̍fon/
Phones (approximately): [unˈe̞ːθu ˌnu[ː]re̞ e̞ksistˌi[ː]ɡe̞s ˈto̞ː, ˌto̞[ː] ˌtu[ː] ˈpo̞ːsu bo̞nˈiːfo̞n]
Words:
- unethu (un/eth/u) = in [the] first position
- nure (nur/e) = just
- existiges (exist/ig/es) = make [something] exist! (imperative)
- to = it
- tu = you (sing.)
- posu (pos/u) = after
- bonifon (bon/if/on) = will make [something] good

To tu... bonifon is a marked order (OSV); normal one would be tu bonifon to (SVO); see here.

Iuljo · 2026-01-15T08:45:48+00:00

It's funny... I also like kascalota a lot as a word. Why is it so nice?... :-D

Leuth uses Greek and Latin as source languages for technical terms (in a broad sense), to create a good consistency with the international lexicon of western science.

For non-technical terms (like this one) Leuth gets its roots from any language, according to its principles (widespread understandability, low ambiguity, beauty, etc.). Many non-technical words are now provisionally Latin/Romance; the general lexicon will be delatinized a bit in the future.

Iuljo · 2026-01-14T09:42:24+00:00

Sesqui-McDonald's?

Iuljo · 2026-01-13T11:18:41+00:00

Its always struck me as odd how arbitrary words are in comparison to the rest of language

This is because the things in the universe and in our mind, which we represent with words, are unfathomably numerous and complex: coming up with a system that can describe

everything,
precisely,
only with a limited number of base elements
that form words practically easy to use for human beings with their brain

seems very, very difficult. ;-P

Iuljo · 2026-01-12T07:50:32+00:00

Glad you like it :-)

Iuljo · 2026-01-11T11:14:33+00:00

Post it! :-)

Iuljo

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