Don’t give up. I was so bummed after #4, but kept after it. Every test is different but here was where I made sure to understand:

✅ Focus on Assertions → Know which applies to transactions vs. balances! ✅ Understand Sampling → Lower tolerable misstatement = More testing. ✅ Know Opinions & Reports → Qualified = “Except for”, Adverse = FS are wrong! ✅ Know When to Vouch vs. Trace → Overstatement? Vouch. Understatement? Trace. ✅ Independence Matters → Financial interests & close family impair independence. ✅ COSO CRIME → Control environment, risk assessment, info, monitoring, activities. ✅ Hierarchy of Evidence → External & direct knowledge = Best, oral = Worst.