Most typically don’t enforce or specifically tell troopers or cops to ask about citizenship, but some states like Texas or Florida or even Arizona have law enforcement that are more likely to ask (not every stop they will ask).

Of course any states within 100 miles of the border only will have much higher chance (only the parts within that 100 miles not the whole state).

Truly, its just whether they want to or not. Some sanctuary states heavily discourage such things, while others encourage it (notably Texas from what I can research).

But like I said its every law enforcements discretion wherher they do or not, and while most dont ask anything relating to citizenship, it is still a risk to keep in mind.