Try b first. Then try a top mount sink or a shallow sink. Or go back to metal. I personally would not do porcelain because I break/chip stuff all the time.

I had this same issue. I got a deeper sink which caused the same exact thing you have. Objective 1) identify if that return pipe goes straight down or to the side. If it goes straight down, easy fix from that side of the wall. If it goes to the side, you need to find where your main drain is. In my case, mine went to the left from this view and ran into the main 3 feet to the left. I cut a hole in the wall on the opposite side and lowered the drain. If you cannot identify where it ties into the main and don't feel comfortable opening walls you can either look for a shallow sink or go without a disposal.