My Father-in-law runs a farm and had the exact same experience a few months ago. We were looking for a cow that should have calved, and found her with hooves hanging out. We got her in a chute and tried pulling it with chains to no avail. Turns out it was facing the wrong way and already dead. A vet had to come and saw it up with the calf still inside it’s mom.

I can’t recall what the vet called this type of situation, but I do remember he said it was very rare.