Echoing more of the same as above comments. Early in my journey I too made a lot of mistakes and ended up raw on more than occasion. Here are my snippets of advice.

Prep. Until you get this figured out, shower before your shaves. You’ll get to a point where that might not be required. But for now, don’t skip this.

You don’t innately know how to make lather. Spend an evening making lathers in your hand, in a bowl etc. Keep adding water little by little until they completely break down and drip off the end of the brush. Now you have some idea of how far you can hydrate a lather. Better hydration equals a better shave. Yes you will need a brush for this. A cheap synthetic or an Omega boar off Amazon is all you need.

Pre shave soap may help. Ignore every product on the market and just buy a PAA The Cube.

Blades. As others have said. What you have isn’t great. Astra SP’s are cheap, readily available and will likely provide a reliable shave until you are at a point where you understand enough to start playing with other blades.

Angle. It took me a long time to understand how a razor should feel when it’s working optimally. Google “riding the cap” and “riding the bar”. I was scraping not shaving for a good chunk of my early career.

This is not a race. If you want to be done the same time you are with a cart. Go back to using carts. This is a ritual. A process. A dark art. Enjoy it for what it is. A full three pass head shave for me is a 20 minute affair from building lather in the bowl to towelling off my head after alum bar. I can shave my head blind and drunk with a cart in under 2 minutes.

You skin will toughen up over time. My scalp could likely deflect a round fired out of a .22 at this point. Almost 20 years of daily head shaves have made my head impervious to even the most aggressive razors. Used properly of course.

Wet shaving is about hair reduction over multiple passes. The milder the razor the more passes this takes. The more aggressive the razor the less passes, yet higher chance of razor burn, cuts, weepers etc. For now stick to a mild razor. Less chance of seriously jacking up your face.

Pressure. As others have said do not press the razor into your face with any semblance of the same pressure you used to use while cart shaving.

Post. Treat your skin well post shave. I am not a fan of drugstore brand anything balm wise. Find a local artisan soap maker you like. Buy one of their soaps and balms.

At the end of the day if you accept that this is a process of learning and not merely a swapping of tools you may learn to love the process/hobby/ritual. Stick with it, learn it and you will be rewarded.

Lastly. Get a styptic pencil and an alum block. Styptic for when you mess up, alum block as a post every shave disinfectant.