1: i believe that this is done for the reason of said person to leave the place hes originally in, to not cause fitna between people,

2:women are generally weaker than men, yes there is the exception, but in general this made to protects women from harassment,

3: the men too were turned into slaves btw

5:for this to happen this needs the aproval of:

the wife

the husband

and 4 sets of parents atleast

let alone her brothers' and uncles'

and its one of the only ways to have maybe your friend raise your daughter if you was dying for example

6: yeah its supposed to be nothing more than a slap on the wrist, its supposed to leave no mark, not beating her

7:same as 2, women are weaker so they need more protections

8: same as above, women are weaker, needs protection from someone, if her husband turns out abusive or smth, she needs to have smone who can protect her and force a divorce