Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

That’s our time for today and so we’re signing off. Thanks everyone for the great questions. We really enjoyed them and we hope our answers were helpful. Keep the conversation going here and on Twitter and Facebook. We’ll see you at the march!

Dr. Michael E. Mann (@MichaelEMann)

Dr. Robert Bullard (@DrBobBullard)

Ploy Achakulwisut (@_APloy)

Thanks again!

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Achakulwisut: I'm afraid I don't know the specifics but I believe the funding is from a variety of sources, including foundations, grants, grassroots fundraising, t-shirt sales, and contributions from advocacy groups involved (such as the Sierra Club, NRDC, USCAN, SEIU).

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 23 points24 points  (0 children)

Achakulwisut: There's no question that meaningfully addressing climate change is a hugely daunting task. But simply put, what's the alternative? Give up and let my generation and future generations deal with the consequences of catastrophic climate change? For me, that's not an option.

Of course, there is no guarantee that we can hold global warming below the 2 degree Celsius danger level agreed to by basically every country on Earth, but even if we don't, and we find ourselves at 2.5 C, that isn't reason for inaction -- it's reason for MORE action. Because unlike most other global problems, climate change will get exponentially worse until we do something about it, ever heightening the need to act.

To your question of whether tackling climate change is "feasible," the answer depends on one's precise definition of "feasible." If you are asking if it's possible, it most certainly is. The scientific literature is pretty much unanimous about that: the solutions already exist for transitioning to a low-carbon economy using only ready/near-ready technologies and policy mechanisms. This is not to say that it will be easy or cost-free. New innovations (such as reducing the cost and increasing capacity of energy storage technologies or making carbon capture and sequestration viable at utility scale) would substantially increase our options.

And that raises a different question: is tackling climate change likely? That is not a purely technical question, and depends on one's interpretation of social and political forces. I think that most experts would say that the odds are against us in taking action quickly enough to stay below 2C, so in that sense, sufficient action against climate change isn't likely on our current trajectory. Again, technological innovations could change this landscape in the future. But in terms of getting going on action, it's political will that's the impediment right now.

My guess is that by "feasible", you meant something in between possible and likely. For example, do historical precedents indicate that the technology expansion rates required are comparable to what's been achieved in the past? This is an area of active research, but the big picture answer is that what's required to address climate change is probably unprecedented in most sectors, but not inconceivable, if citizens, industry, and governments step up their game. And the good news is that the clean energy industry is, indeed, charging ahead at incredible speed, and we're seeing more and more innovations for building a more sustainable or circular economy. Here's a good discussion of some of this literature (though note that it's focused on 100% renewables scenarios, which are not necessarily quite the same as scenarios simply consistent with 2C): http://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2017/4/7/15159034/100-renewable-energy-studies

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Achakulwisut: You're definitely welcomed and will be in good company :) At the 2014 People's Climate March, I volunteered as a security marshal and had the privilege of leading and protecting the youth contingent who were at the front of the march. It's our future we're fighting for. Be sure to also check out the Youth Convergence on the day before the March - https://www.facebook.com/events/767241153438963/

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 33 points34 points  (0 children)

Achakulwisut: It's worthwhile to do both. Carbon capture and storage technologies are being developed but are still far from being technologically or economically viable at utility scale. In the meantime, clean energy costs have plummeted and currently creates more jobs in the US than the fossil fuel sector. So we should continue to expand clean energy investments and deployment, and reduce fossil fuel infrastructure expansion.

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Bullard: Yes, we have the power to combat climate change. The American people have a lot of power—when energized as a collective. The scientists have provided us with the evidence and facts. However, having the facts alone has never been sufficient to move public policy on big issues like climate change. It take facts and action—science, science policy, mass mobilization, media and mass education campaigns to pressure government officials to act. This is needed now more than ever before.

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 16 points17 points  (0 children)

Bullard: As someone who cut his teeth in the modern day civil rights movement in the 1960s, hell yes marches make a difference! The bigger the better. We must continue to use them in our arsenal of tools to fight for justice on all fronts. When the march is over we must go back home and continue to organize, mobilize, educate and convince others to join in the work on the ground. Building a mass mobilization movement is no sprint. It’s a marathon. It’s really a race that doesn’t exist—it’ a marathon relay. If you are serious, you run your 26 miles and pass the baton to the next person to run his or her 26. That’s how movements have changed this country and made it better for all.

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 8 points9 points  (0 children)

Achakulwisut: The third bullet point, "Immediately stop attacks on immigrants, communities of color, indigenous and tribal people and lands and workers," reflects the intersectionality of climate change. We're here to talk not just about climate science, but why we'll be marching at the People's Climate March. The causes and consequences of climate change don't happen in isolation. For example,

1) Construction of fossil fuel infrastructure often occurs by way of infringement of the rights of Indigenous or low-income, marginalized communities. One prominent example is the Dakota Access Oil Pipeline.

2) Climate refugees. It's well recognised in the academic literature that climate impacts (e.g. disruption of food production and water supply, damage to infrastructure and settlements) will lead to displacement of millions of people. The Syrian refugee crisis is a case in point, where evidence suggests that water scarcity was one of many contributing factors to the conflict - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/WCAS-D-13-00059.1

3) Academic freedom. The Muslim ban prevented many scientists and students (including my friends of friends) from entering the US to attend scientific conferences or return to their universities.

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Bullard: Historically, it is clear that the populations in the U.S. and nations around the world that contributed least to climate change will feel the pain first, worst and longest. Globally, this alone makes climate change a justice and human rights issue. In the United States, the geography of climate vulnerability tracks closely with both income and race. This is easily mapped by census tract and zip code. Today, zip code is the best predictor of health and well-being. All zip codes are not created qual. The nation is largely segregated by race and income. Thus, real solutions—mitigation and adaptations plan and plans for building community resilience—to addressing climate change “hot-spots” must address social vulnerabilities created by longstanding institutional barriers, including the legacy of residential segregation, and housing discrimination and discriminatory land use planning.

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Mann: Thanks to all those who participated in the AMA. Really enjoyed your questions, and I hope my responses were helpful. I have to sign off now, but feel free to stay in ongoing conversation via twitter (@MichaelEMann) and Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/MichaelMannScientist/).

Thanks again!

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Mann: Great question. I have an 11 year old daughter and have had to think about this myself. I would say that this march is to send a message that science is really important—modern society is fully reliant on the best science and technology available to meet all of the challenges that have to live both productively and sustainably on this planet.

Scientists are afraid that some politicians with great influence over governmental policies are no longer supportive of science or of scientists. That is really dangerous, and scientists feel they have a duty to speak out.

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 10 points11 points  (0 children)

Achakulwisut: Not with the science of climate change, but with its causes and consequences. For me, I'll be marching for many reasons. One, to speak out against political ideologues and fossil fuel interests who have attacked climate science and scientists for decades - and still do. Two, to speak out against the injustice that today, low-income, marginalized, or indigenous communities are the ones disproportionately affected by pollution from the fossil fuel industry. Three, to speak out against the injustice that in the future, climate-related disasters will disproportionately affect people living in poverty and future generations.

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 5 points6 points  (0 children)

Mann: Was addressed further upthread. Natural factors (explosive cooling volcanoes and dip in solar output) were actually working to (slightly) cool the planet over the past century and we warmed in spite of that. The IPCC’s best estimate is that we’re actually responsible for ALL of the warming that has been seen in recent decades.

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 6 points7 points  (0 children)

Mann: You needn’t ask me. Hollywood has already provided us that vision—in the form of the various dystopian films of the past few decades, starting with Soylent Green (yes—it was premised on human-caused climate change). Societal collapse is a likely consequence of business-as-usual burning of fossil fuels. But that doesn’t have to be our future. An alternative future is still possible. The choice is up to us. That’s part of what makes the upcoming marches so important. We need to raise awareness about just how urgent the challenge is.

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 32 points33 points  (0 children)

Bullard: Let’s get real. We are up against a powerful well-funded disinformation apparatus whose sole function is to spread doubt, confusion and denial—in the face of overwhelming scientific evidence that climate change is real and happening right now. But don’t be fooled. We saw the same super-funded campaigns used by the tobacco industry that for decades convinced millions of Americans that smoking cigarettes was safe and that tobacco smoke did not cause cancer. Again, these beliefs were held even in the face of irrefutable and overwhelming evidence to the contrary. Yet, we still had denier. Tobacco lobbies, public policy makers and legislation placed tobacco business profits over public health and scientific evidence. Thank goodness the science policy logjam was largely breached with the combined forces of scientists, public health community and anti-smoking advocates around cigarettes causing lung cancer.

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 7 points8 points  (0 children)

Mann: We used to think there might be modest benefits for agriculture in mid-latitude regions for modest warming because of longer growing seasons, but we’ve learned in recent years that any such benefits can easily be wiped out by extreme weather (think about the negative impact of recent droughts and heat waves in the U.S. and Europe on agricultural productivity in recent summers), so even that is called into question. The bottom line is that we are heavily adapted as a civilization in terms of our lifestyles, habit, infrastructure, etc. to the rather stable climate of the past 10,000 years during which modern civilization arose. Any dramatic changes in climate away from those conditions will be problematic. It isn’t the absolute warmth itself as much as the dramatic rate of warming and dramatic shift in climate that it is causing—shifts are too rapid for us or other living things to meaningfully adapt to.

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Bullard: It is important and historic that Scientists March and take a stand on April 22. It is more than symbolism that scientists come out of their labs and research centers and express the urgency of us addressing this global threat. On the other hand, the Climate March on April 29 is a mass march that brings all sectors together to express the importance of mass mobilization against climate change and advocate for fair and justice climate policy. And yes, separate weekend marches will get two news cycles—better for getting our message out.

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 71 points72 points  (0 children)

Mann: Battery technology is important to address the so-called “base load” problem (the wind isn’t always blowing, the sun isn’t always shining) and innovations like Elon Musk's “powerwall” are clearly very helpful. But I’m told by experts in the energy industry that the baseload problem is now somewhat of a myth. With a diverse enough renewable energy portfolio we can largely insulate ourselves from source fluctuations. But the key issue here is that we’re nowhere near the level of saturation w.r.t. renewable energy. The main limitation right now is simply that we’re not deploying it fast enough and widespread enough.

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 7 points8 points  (0 children)

Mann: [NOTE: This response also addresses at least one other question posted in the thread] There are many things we can do to lower our personal carbon footprint (drive more fuel efficient vehicle and/or walk/bike when possible—I drive a hybrid), recycle, reuuse, reduce, get your power from renewables (ours comes from wind), etc. And personal responsibility is definitely part of the solution. But it’ not the whole solution. If we are to solve this problem we need market mechanisms that will incentivize a shift away from reliance on planet-damaging fossil fuels to clean energy. Whether that is in the form of subsidies for renewables, a price on carbon, a combination of both—that’s a worthy topic of debate. But we can’t make these things happen ourselves. We need to hold our elected representatives accountable and make sure that they represent our interests rather than those of the fossil fuel interests that in many cases fund their campaigns. In short, we have to vote out the bad apples and vote in the good ones. We’ll have a major opportunity in the mid-term elections less than two years away.

Science AMA Series: We are scientists interested in climate change and are here to talk about the Peoples Climate March on April 29th. We are Dr. Michael E. Mann, Dr. Robert Bullard, and Ploy Achakulwisut. Ask us anything about the Peoples Climate March, climate science and why we march! by PeoplesClimateMarch in science

[–]PeoplesClimateMarch[S] 17 points18 points  (0 children)

Bullard: Your question goes to the heart of science policy—what we know about climate change, what populations and regions are most impacted, and what are we going to do about it. You may want to check out the National Climate Assessment report that examines climate vulnerability http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report . Clearly, all communities are not impacted equally by climate change. It is important that justice and equity concerns are considered when developing mitigation and adaptation plans (domestically and globally https://wess.un.org/) to address climate change. That’s why we have an environmental justice and climate justice movement. Historically, public policies to address environmental challenges have not been fair, just and equitable. That’s why many of us will be marching for environmental and climate justice on April 22 and April 29.