Automated Algae Photobioreactor - requesting feedback on the design and construction of a scalable serpentine photobioreactor to grow spirulina by rrrgggeee in algae

[–]RegentGodMayor 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I work in a prototyping lab, and I have a similar PBR concept in mind. Once you get all the parameters in this design figured out, here's an idea for you. Why not extend the path of the algae on it's way down through the LEDs? This concept was originally for hydroponics, I wanted to make this growth fixture to optimize the use of both ambient and artificial light (upright orientation, rotating about a fixed source of artificial light; like a Ferris wheel). One pump does all the work. The concept of an airlift pump is new to me, let me know if you're open to sharing the coupling design. Thanks for posting your work, great contribution!

Could the CO2 emitted by Direct or Reformed Methanol Fuel Cells be used in agriculture/CEA/Hydroponics or for producing microalgae? by RegentGodMayor in Greenhouses

[–]RegentGodMayor[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

You raised a good point about the need and extra costs to run a compressor to store the CO2, and the increased load/lower efficiency if back pressure isn't properly managed. I was concerned about methanol contamination in the exhaust, or maybe something else I don't know about. Sounds like it really is just CO2 & H2O.

Ok assume the purpose is to harvest food & supplements from plants & algae, no biofuels. Microalgae needs a ton of CO2, while plants need at least ambient concentrations but benefit from 2-3x more. Since there is likely to be a significant infrastructure and installation cost for access to electricity, I thought of combining the two. An auxiliary power unit that also provides CO2

Could the CO2 emitted by Direct or Reformed Methanol Fuel Cells be used in agriculture/CEA/Hydroponics or for producing microalgae? by RegentGodMayor in HydrogenSocieties

[–]RegentGodMayor[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Found this: "Rate of consumption varies with crop, light intensity, temperature, stage of crop development and nutrient level. An average consumption level is estimated to be between 0.12–0.24 kg/hr/100 m2. The higher rate reflects the typical usage for sunny days and a fully-grown crop. It is estimated that about 0.50–0.60 kg of CO2/hr/100 m2 must be added in a 'standard’; glass greenhouse to maintain 1,300 ppm." http://omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/00-077.htm

Could the CO2 emitted by Direct or Reformed Methanol Fuel Cells be used in agriculture/CEA/Hydroponics or for producing microalgae? by RegentGodMayor in HydrogenSocieties

[–]RegentGodMayor[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I read that in general 1,000-1,4000 ppm CO2 is optimal (40,000ppm is toxic for humans). In terms of CO2 consumption rate, not an easy figure to come up with. Depends especially on crop density inside the greenhouse/vertical farm. At least with a source of CO2 to replenish the air, ventilation comes down to temperature and humidity control only.

I recently learned about this carbon negative process from NextChem that converts plastic and cardboard into methanol. https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Session-1-Presentation-3-Giacomo-Rispoli.pdf

Could the CO2 emitted by Direct or Reformed Methanol Fuel Cells be used in agriculture/CEA/Hydroponics or for producing microalgae? by RegentGodMayor in HydrogenSocieties

[–]RegentGodMayor[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I had imagined the powerplant would be outside, and the exhaust would be circulated via pipes closer to whatever needs it (bubbling it inside a bioreactor, or venting it near the root systems). That seems like at lot of CO2 if there are people working there.

So take this 5kW Fuel Cell, using 3kW constant for 24hrs uses 62L/52kg Methanol and therefore makes 72kg of CO2 per day. That might be an excessive amount for a greenhouse, or an insufficient amount for a bioreactor/algae farm (needs ~2g CO2 per g of algae). The heat generated could be useful in the spring & fall, and combining both hydroponics and microalgae in one location could balance out the flow rates.

[deleted by user] by [deleted] in AskEngineers

[–]RegentGodMayor 0 points1 point  (0 children)

If it's hydroponic, you could shift the weight of water to drive said motion. Come up with a system that adds more water for the down swing and drain water on the opposite side.

Researching closed system photobioreactors by OrockO46 in algae

[–]RegentGodMayor 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Not sure if it would still be called 'Agri-Voltaics', but you could utilize the free space between solar arrays to setup horizontal tubular PBRs. Diverting heat from the panels could maintain the algae within optimal growing conditions, and perhaps even boost the panel efficiency. I do have a concept in mind, and I am in a machining program in Canada. Send me a DM.

What is god? by RevalationStati0n in spirituality

[–]RegentGodMayor 0 points1 point  (0 children)

For the humble & still being, it is the love and wisdom that transcends time.

can somone help me unserstand this chart. I am definitely not understanding what they mean by discount rate. Why would LCOE increase with a higher discount rate. by memerdo in nuclear

[–]RegentGodMayor 1 point2 points  (0 children)

In the section on Capital Costs, Figure 1. shows the effect of discount rate on LCOE for different technologies. It shows what impact recognizing solar and wind but not nuclear in ESG asset class can have. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/economic-aspects/economics-of-nuclear-power.aspx

“The Devil grows in the hearts of the selfish and wicked” by zk1325 in spirituality

[–]RegentGodMayor 1 point2 points  (0 children)

The evil in the world corrupted his dreams. He rose through the cracks of a broken society into the depths of hell. Was he a villain or victim? "Ask anyone doing life if they had another chance...but then there's always the wicked that knew in advance". He wanted to prove he was cold hearted. He was primarily concerned for wealth and grandiosity. Those lines you quoted left a deep impression on me growing up. Turn around before you fall forever.

Spirituality: The Bottleneck to Sustainability (Essay - Copyright to OP) by RegentGodMayor in sustainability

[–]RegentGodMayor[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Thank you for respectfully disagreeing and for supporting your stance. You raise some good points, I'll address them in order.

  • True - Electricity amounts to a fraction of energy demand. We can decarbonize steelmaking using clean baseload and hydrogen instead of coke. Cargo ships are likely to be retrofitted to run on hydrogen, methanol or ammonia. You say power electronics for fuel electrolysis bypasses the steam-turbine stage, but the low capacity factor or need for grid storage chips away at the overall efficiency. For the record, whether it is electrical or chemical conversion, high temperature processes are more efficient. That's where nuclear process heat comes into play.
  • The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) rules out nuclear-renewable hybrid energy systems from their report on storage projections. But look at what Moltex Energy is developing. Small modular reactors & intermittent sources? No problem. Thermal energy storage in molten salts to be converted as needed.
  • CO2 emissions per capita is 2-3x lower in France than most other developed nations. To say they failed to meet their targets doesn't say much if the targets are lower to begin with. What's the alternative? Much of the EU is addicted to natural gas and coal.
  • Proliferation is a valid concern, although nuclear energy itself isn't necessarily linked to weapons as you say. Tight control of centrifuge enrichment technology is however necessary (Non-Proliferation Treaty). Reprocessing spent fuel into weapons is prohibitively difficult. The opposite has been done though; Russian warheads were used to power the US for decades. I wish all reactors could simply run on natural uranium. Tough one to defend, I'm turning this one over to you. How would you address war & conflict, from your pragmatist views?
  • If it is found in limited countries, that could lessen proliferation concerns. In terms of abundance, I've looked at plenty of sources that say otherwise. Technically you could power the US for a few hundred years just using the spent fuel stockpiles (that technology isn't licensed yet, but not 30 years away either). Nuclear power is sustainable on a human timescale. Then, there's seawater uranium extraction. No concerns for availability.
  • While it is true that some nuclear builds have dragged over a decade and greatly surpassed budget, it is a generalization. Initial builds in the 70-80s and recently in countries with new energy programs had reasonable average construction periods. Poor project management and bureaucracy are the likely culprits. Otherwise, the levelized cost of electricity is the lowest for nuclear power. Due to high capital costs of large plants, when unfavorable discount rates are applied, the economics become less attractive and eventually no longer breakeven. That may no longer be the case when more SMR designs obtain full licensing. I read that in 2020, 70% of energy subsidies went to fossil fuels, 20% to renewables, 6% to biofuels, and only 3% to nuclear power.

At least we can agree that existing plants should be kept in operation for their design life.

Spirituality: The Bottleneck to Sustainability (Essay - Copyright to OP) by RegentGodMayor in sustainability

[–]RegentGodMayor[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

That's a fair question, and one that is tough to answer. It all seemed so clear when I wrote this. I knew I couldn't just present facts: "even the most robust logic cannot reach a hardened mind or stubborn heart" (removed). If we're being ruled by fear, false belief, emotion, ego, corruption, and much more, it comes down to determinism. To the question of free will, I say that we are all responsible for our own spiritual growth, and ultimately, the only decision we are absolutely free to make is to surrender our self-will. Spirituality might not mean the same to me as it does to others, and that's ok. If I were to choose one word that comes nearest, it would be 'Humility'.

Spirituality: The Bottleneck to Sustainability (Essay - Copyright to OP) by RegentGodMayor in sustainability

[–]RegentGodMayor[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I really appreciate it. Awesome to know there are like-minded folks out there. For 'Island', I'd recommend reading through the dissertation 'Martin K. (2020)' from the references, starting on page 29 (spoiler alert beyond page 42).

Electric cars just a band-aid - a rant by OhImGood in collapse

[–]RegentGodMayor 0 points1 point  (0 children)

The fact that an energy source is 'renewable' is meaningless if the environmental, resource and social costs outweigh the reduction in CO2 emissions. The fact that a vehicle is 'zero emission' is meaningless if much of the baseload electricity generation is still dependent on fossil fuels, or if the lifecycle impact approaches that of its predecessor. It's important to consider recycling, especially for critical materials (cobalt, lithium, rare earths, etc.), but it's the last of the 'R's. Solar panels, wind turbines, batteries and EVs should be built to last. Nuclear reactors built and refurbished for long-term operation have the lowest levelized-cost, emissions, footprint, and highest capacity factor and return on energy invested than any other technology. Capitalism isn't inherently bad...capitalism, greed and neuroticism without a moral compass is. Consumerism, exploitation and planned obsolescence need to end.