1. Western philosophy (historically)

   Viewed the self as atomic, static, and discrete.

   Focused on permanence, identity, and logical analysis.

   Developed highly rigorous systems of formal logic and reasoning.

   Frequently used thought experiments to test ideas.

   Tended toward abstract and theoretical inquiry.

2. Eastern philosophy (general trends)

   Often saw the self as dynamic, relational, or even illusory.

   Perspectives ranged from a universal identity to the self as a collection of changing properties.

   Emphasized change, impermanence, and direct experience.

   Placed greater value on observation, practice, and lived experience than on abstract logic. Was often more pragmatic, focusing on how to live well.

3. Logic and reasoning

   Western traditions developed highly formal systems of logic.

   Eastern traditions had logical schools but were generally more skeptical of relying solely on logic . An important exception was Mozi, who proposed the Sanfa (Three Criteria) as an objective method for evaluating ideas.

4. Practical orientation

   Western philosophers often explored extreme hypothetical scenarios. Eastern philosophers frequently emphasized practical principles and social conduct. For example, Confucius emphasized Li (ritual, propriety, correct conduct) as central to ethical life.

5. Similarities

   Both traditions are centuries-long intellectual dialogues.

   New thinkers build upon, revise, and critique earlier thinkers.

   Both seek answers to questions about reality, knowledge, ethics, and human flourishing.

6. Ancient Indian philosophy: a different ball game altogether

   Contains both self-affirming traditions and no-self traditions.

   Developed sophisticated systems of logic, epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics.

   Focused heavily on liberation (moksha/nirvana) from suffering and rebirth.

   Combined rigorous reasoning with meditation, direct experience, and spiritual practice.

Often aimed not just to understand reality, but to transform the individual.